固态聚合物锂电池失效机制及其表征技术

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0112

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 固态聚合物锂电池具有高能量密度和高安全性的优点，有望解决新能源汽车的续航里程焦虑和安全问题。但是，现有的固态聚合物锂电池存在容量衰减快、过充、产气、内短路、日历失效等电池失效问题。而且，由于聚合物电解质不耐辐照，其较强的界面黏附性使得电极/电解质界面难以剥离，导致缺乏合适的表征技术深入研究固态聚合物锂电池的失效机制，这极大的限制了科学家对电池失效机制的深入理解，制约了电池失效解决方案的发展。因此，本文从锂枝晶生长、正极结构演变与机械失效、界面微结构演变和界面反应、聚合物电解质结构变化的角度出发，回顾了固态聚合物锂电池失效机制及其表征技术的研究进展，阐述了固态聚合物锂电池失效机制的研究思路。

关键词: 固态锂电池, 聚合物电解质, 界面, 失效机制, 表征技术

Abstract: Solid state polymer lithium battery with the advantages of high energy density and high safety is promising to overcome the range anxiety and security issue of electric vehicles. However, there are several failure behaviors in solid state polymer lithium battery, such as capacity fading, overcharge, gas, internal short-circuit, and calendar failure. And the in-depth study and understanding on the failure mechanisms are limited by the suitable characterization techniques due to the low resistance to irradiation of polymer electrolyte and the difficulty to expose perfect electrode/electrolyte interface. So, developing suitable characterization techniques for solid state polymer lithium batteries is significant to better understand the failure mechanisms and help researchers find feasible solutions to overcome battery failure. In this review, the development of failure mechanisms and characterization techniques for solid state polymer lithium batteries are summarized from the aspects of lithium dendrite growth, cathode structure evolution and mechanical failure, interface microstructure evolution and interface reaction, as well as structure evolution of polymer electrolyte. Finally, new research strategies and methods of the failure mechanisms for solid state polymer lithium batteries are proposed.

Key words: solid state lithium battery, polymer electrolyte, interface, failure mechanism, characterization technique

中图分类号:

TM912

孙兴伟, 王龙龙, 姜丰, 马君, 周新红, 崔光磊. 固态聚合物锂电池失效机制及其表征技术[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(6): 1024-1032.

SUN Xingwei, WANG Longlong, JIANG Feng, MA Jun, ZHOU Xinhong, CUI Guanglei. Failure mechanisms and characterization techniques for solid state polymer lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(6): 1024-1032.

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