储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (8): 2637-2644.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0279

• 电化学储能安全专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

水凝胶对磷酸铁锂电池灭火实验性能

陆剑心1(), 张英1, 马出原1, 邓康2, 雷春英1()   

  1. 1.武汉理工大学安全科学与工程系,湖北 武汉 430070
    2.中冶南方工程技术有限公司,湖北 武汉 430061
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-25 修回日期:2022-06-17 出版日期:2022-08-05 发布日期:2022-08-03
  • 通讯作者: 雷春英 E-mail:294093@whut.edu.cn;lcy_2014@whut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陆剑心(2001—),男,本科,研究方向为锂电池安全,E-mail:294093@whut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52104211);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021IVA024B);湖北省重点研发项目(2021BCA151)

Study on fire-extinguishing performance of hydrogel on lithium-iron-phosphate batteries

Jianxin LU1(), Ying ZHANG1, Chuyuan MA1, Kang DENG2, Chunying LEI1()   

  1. 1.School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2.WISDRI Engineering & Research Incorporation Limited, Wuhan 430061, Hubei, China
  • Received:2022-05-25 Revised:2022-06-17 Online:2022-08-05 Published:2022-08-03
  • Contact: Chunying LEI E-mail:294093@whut.edu.cn;lcy_2014@whut.edu.cn

摘要:

水系灭火剂因兼具比热容高和隔绝性强的特点,在对锂电池火灾的扑灭过程中相对于其他灭火剂更为高效,然而传统水系灭火剂的保水以及附着能力有待进一步提高。本工作报道一种使用羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose)与氯化铝(AlCl3)溶液混合制备的水凝胶络合物灭火剂。温度敏感性研究表明:凝胶分子的亲水性使其表现出保水性强和附着力高的特点,且在低温时有较好的流动性,高温又表现出足够的黏性,在方便使用的同时,又增加了锂电池全面降温效果。为探究水凝胶灭火剂的灭火性能,对磷酸铁锂电池组(LIBs)展开燃烧实验,通过对水凝胶灭火剂使用与否两种情况下的火焰图像、电池高度、燃烧温度等燃烧特性参数进行分析,对水凝胶灭火剂的灭火效果做出评估。结果表明:在喷射灭火剂后,电池组温度迅速降低至热失控温度200 ℃以下;水凝胶灭火剂对射流火焰有一定限制作用,且可以阻碍多个电池间热量传递;在使用水凝胶灭火剂后,电池均未发生复燃,说明水凝胶对锂电池火灾具有较好的灭火效果。

关键词: 锂电池, 水凝胶, 火灾, 热失控

Abstract:

Water-based fire-extinguishing agents are used to extinguish lithium-battery fires with high specific-heat capacity and strong isolation. However, the water retention and adhesion capacity of traditional water extinguishing agents need to be improved. A hydrogel complex fire-extinguishing agent prepared by mixing Carboxymethyl Cellulose with AlCl3 can solve this problem. Temperature-sensitivity studies show that the gel molecules exhibit strong water retention and adhesion, giving the agent good fluidity at low temperatures and enough viscosity at high temperatures. This phenomenon increases the overall cooling effect of lithium batteries. To explore the fire-extinguishing effect of hydrogel agents, we conducted a combustion experiment on lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs. In this study, the fire-extinguishing effect of the hydrogel agent was evaluated by analyzing the flame image, flame height, and battery temperature in cases where the hydrogel agent was used and when it was not used. The results show that the temperature of the battery packs reduced below 200 ℃ after spraying. The hydrogel agent has a certain restrictive effect on the jet flame and can hinder the heat transfer between multiple batteries; after the use of the hydrogel agent, the batteries did not reignite, indicating that the hydrogel has a good fire-extinguishing effect on LIB fire.

Key words: lithium batteries, hydrogels, fire, thermal runaway

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