储能科学与技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (6): 1196-.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2017.0072

• 进展与评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

废旧锂离子电池中金属材料回收技术研究进展

卫寿平，孙  杰，周  添，李吉刚，曹焕露   

  1. 防化学院新能源与能源安全实验室，北京 102205
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-25 修回日期:2017-06-19 出版日期:2017-11-01 发布日期:2017-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 孙杰，教授，主要研究方向为新能源及能源安全与防护，E-mail：magnsun@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:卫寿平（1985—），男，讲师，主要研究方向为二次电池，E-mail：wsping0309341@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（51372181）

Research development of metals recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries

WEI Shouping, SUN Jie, ZHOU Tian, LI Jigang, CAO Huanlu   

  1. Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Energy Safety, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
  • Received:2017-05-25 Revised:2017-06-19 Online:2017-11-01 Published:2017-11-01

PDF

701

被引次数

11

摘要： 对废旧锂离子电池中金属材料进行回收，既保护环境又具有良好的经济前景。综述了当前锂离子电池中金属材料回收的技术流程，包括电池预处理、电池材料分选、金属富集及金属分离提纯4个步骤，每一步骤都包含多种处理方法。分析了每种方法的发展情况、优缺点及应用范围，在实际操作中需将多种方法结合起来以获得更好的处理效果。锂离子电池中金属回收技术发展较成熟，在4种常见锂离子电池（钴酸锂电池、锰酸锂电池、镍钴锰酸锂电池及磷酸铁锂电池）回收方面有大量应用。对废旧锂离子电池中金属回收经济性进行分析，结果表明，钴酸锂和三元系电池具有较高的回收效益，而锰酸锂和磷酸铁锂电池的回收效益较差。需加强对锂离子电池回收技术的研究，降低成本，提高资源利用率，形成绿色环保、经济效益好的锂离子电池“生产-销售-回收-再生产”的循环利用体系。

关键词: 废旧锂离子电池, 金属材料, 回收技术, 富集, 分离

Abstract:

Recycling of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries will bring great environmental and economic benefits. This paper summarizes the current process of metals recovery from lithium-ion batteries, including 4 steps of pre-treatment, battery material sorting, metals enrichment, separation and purification, and each step contains many methods. Development conditions, advantages, disadvantages and applications of these methods are analyzed, and it needs to select and integrate them to get better results in practice. Although above recycling technologies are mature and widely used in 4 kinds of spent lithium-ion batteries (LiCoO2, Ni-Co-Mn ternary materials, LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4) recycling field. The economics of metals recovery from spent lithium ion batteries is analyzed. The results show that LiCoO2 and Ni-Co-Mn ternary batteries have good benefits while LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4 batteries have no profits. It needs to strengthen research of spent batteries recovery technology, reduce costs and improve battery resource utilization to form a green and profitable recycling system of “lithium - ion battery production - sales - recovery - reproduction”.

Key words:  spent lithium-ion battery, metal, recycling technology, concentration, separation