锌镍单液流电池发展现状

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锌镍单液流电池由于安全、稳定、成本低、能量密度高等优点成为电化学储能热点技术之一。介绍了锌镍单液流电池的工作原理。从基础研究角度，重点汇总并分析了该电池存在的主要问题、影响因素及解决方案：锌沉积形貌与电解液体系、工作电流密度、负极基材等多种因素有关，因而可以通过优化上述条件来控制；因副反应消耗电荷的不平衡引起锌的积累，可以通过抑制正极副反应、增强负极副反应以及制备复合正极材料等措施来降低积累问题；极化现象与电流密度有关，可以通过优化电解质流场结构以及利用多孔电极材料两个方面来降低电极极化；另外，开发新型电极材料可以降低电池成本、提高正负电极的面积容量。从应用研究角度，简要剖析了该电池的数学建模情况以及目前主要的工程应用概况：通过构建不同类型的电池模型可以探究不同因素对电池的影响；实际应用中，锌镍单液流电池已经经历了三代规模化产品。最后提出了开发新型电池结构、建立精准物理模型、将电池与仿生结合等将是锌镍单液流电池发展的方向。

关键词: 锌镍单液流电池, 电化学储能, 储能电池

Abstract:

Zinc-nickel single flow battery has become one of the hot technologies for electrochemical energy storage due to its advantages of safety, stability, low cost and high energy density. The working principle of zinc-nickel single flow battery is introduced. From the perspective of basic research, the main problems, influencing factors and solutions of the battery are summarized and analyzed: The morphology of zinc deposition is related to many factors such as electrolyte system, working current density and negative electrode substrate, so it can be controlled by optimizing the above conditions; The accumulation of zinc due to the imbalance of the charge consumed by the side reaction can reduce by suppressing the side reaction of the positive electrode, enhancing the side reaction of the negative electrode and preparing the composite positive electrode material; The polarization phenomenon is related to the current density, which can be reduced by optimizing the electrolyte flow field structure and using porous electrode materials; In addition, the development of new electrode materials can reduce battery costs and increase the area capacity of positive and negative electrodes. From the perspective of application research, this paper briefly analyzes the mathematical modeling of the battery and the current main engineering applications: By constructing different types of battery models, the influence of different factors on the battery can be explored; in practical applications, zinc-nickel single flow batteries have experienced three generations of large-scale products. Finally, some prospects for developing new battery structures, establishing accurate physical models and combining batteries with bionics are proposed.

Key words: zinc-nickel single flow battery, electrochemical energy storage, energy storage battery

中图分类号:

TM 911

杨朝霞, 娄景媛, 李雪菁, 王涵文, 王柯忠, 尤东江. 锌镍单液流电池发展现状[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(6): 1678-1690.

Zhaoxia YANG, Jingyuan LOU, Xuejing LI, Hanwen WANG, Kezhong WANG, Dongjiang YOU. Status and development of the zinc-nickel single flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1678-1690.

图/表 7

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