储能在光伏低压直流供电建筑中的作用和应用

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0378

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

能源转型和节能减排的趋势下，光伏建筑结合直流供电成为研究热点，储能在其中的作用非常重要，但目前国内电化学储能标准尚有不足，建筑电化学储能应用的标准、规范更加缺乏。本文通过分析储能在光伏直流供电建筑中的作用，即协调控制储能的充放电功率和能量，实现最大化利用光伏就地发电、就地消纳，平滑光伏发电和负荷的波动，提高建筑配电接入电网的友好性，保障重要负荷供电等，提出了光伏建筑在选择电化学储能技术时需要把握的安全可靠性、经济性、对光伏发电的适应性等原则。这些原则也为光伏建筑储能技术标准的研究和制定提供参考。目前技术条件下，光伏建筑储能选用铅炭电池的主要依据是其安全性和部分荷电状态下的适应性等性能良好。依据如上储能配备原则，为一个低压直流供电光伏建筑项目配备了集装箱式铅炭电池储能系统，内置178 kW·h铅炭电池、热管理和电池管理系统。该项目光伏装机112.6 kWp，采用直流供电系统架构，能量管理系统可采用并网和独立模式运行。基于某一日并网运行模式数据，详细分析了光伏建筑在全天的能量时移，展示了最大化利用光伏发电、削峰填谷、恒定功率取电等功能的实现。该光伏直流建筑项目可为分布式储能在光伏建筑的推广提供有益的参考。

关键词: 光伏建筑, 低压直流供电, 储能系统, 能量管理系统, 电网友好型建筑

Abstract:

Under the trends of energy transformation, energy conservation, and emission reduction, photovoltaic buildings combined with DC power supply have become a research hotspot, and the role of energy storage is crucial. However, the standards of electrochemical energy storage are still insufficient domestically, and the standards of building electrochemical energy storage applications are even lower. This paper analyzes the functions of energy storage in photovoltaic DC power supply buildings: coordinating control of charging and discharging power and energy of energy storage, realizing the maximum utilization of photovoltaic power generation and self-consumption, smoothing the fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation and load, improving the efficiency of building power distribution access to the grid, and ensuring the power supply of important loads. We propose the principles of reliability, economy, and adaptability of electrochemical energy storage used in photovoltaic buildings. These principles also provide references for the research and development of photovoltaic building energy storage technology standards. Under the current technical conditions, the main bases for using Pb-C batteries for photovoltaic building energy storage are safety and adaptability under partially charged states. According to the above energy storage principles, this low-voltage DC power supply photovoltaic building project is equipped with a containerized Pb-C battery energy storage system, including a 178 kW·h Pb-C battery and thermal and battery management systems. The installed capacity of the project is 112.6 kWp, which adopts a DC power supply system. The energy management system can be operated both in-grid and off-grid. The energy time-shift of the photovoltaic building for a whole day was analyzed in detail using data on in-grid operation on a certain day. The maximum utilization of photovoltaic power, peak cutting, and valley-filling and a constant power supply were demonstrated. The project can provide a reference for promoting distributed energy storage in photovoltaic buildings.

Key words: photovoltaic building, low voltage DC power supply, energy storage system, energy management system, grid friendly building

中图分类号:

TM 615

房建军. 储能在光伏低压直流供电建筑中的作用和应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 624-629.

Jianjun FANG. Function and practice of photovoltaic building energy storage system with low-voltage DC power supply[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 624-629.

图/表 5

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