非金属阳离子水系二次电池研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0228

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水系电池以其安全性高、环境友好、离子导电率高等优点，在规模储能领域展现出良好的应用前景。电荷载流子是二次电池关键的组成部分，决定着电池的机制和性能。相较于被广泛研究的金属离子作为载流子的二次电池，以非金属阳离子，如NH₄⁺、H⁺、H₃O⁺，作为电荷传输载体的研究却相对较少。与金属离子作为载流子相比，非金属离子载流子通常具有更小的水合离子半径、更低的摩尔质量，因此往往展现出更高的扩散速率与较长的循环寿命，且其制造成本更为低廉。然而，开发适于储存非金属离子的电极材料仍面临诸多挑战。本文对近几年相关研究报道进行总结。首先，介绍并讨论了非金属离子与金属离子作为载流子之间的差异；随后，总结了基于质子、水合氢离子、铵根离子和其他非金属载流子水系电池的最新研究进展；重点分析了由非金属离子存储所诱发新的电池化学与反应机制。最后，综合分析，认为通过材料结构优化工程，并且扩大电解液的工作电压区间，是有效提升水系非金属离子电池性能的必要途径之一。

关键词: 非金属载流子, 水系电池, 电极材料, 电池化学, 结构优化

Abstract:

Aqueous batteries have attracted interest due to their environmental friendliness, safety, and low cost. The charge carrier is an important component of rechargeable batteries, affecting the reaction mechanism and performance. Non-metallic cations such as NH₄⁺, H⁺, H₃O⁺ have received little attention in comparison to aqueous batteries that use metal-ion charge carriers. Compared with metal-ion charge carriers, non-metallic cations with smaller ionic radius and lower molar mass, showing higher ion diffusion rate, long cycling life, and low manufacturing costs. However, developing suitable cathode electrode materials for the insertion of non-metal charge carriers remains a challenge. In this section, we reviewed and investigated recent references in the field. First, we introduced and compared the differences between metal charge carriers and non-metal charge carriers; second, we summarized the most recent advances in the exploration and development of cathode materials for aqueous batteries with non-metallic charge carriers. The new proposed battery chemistry and reaction mechanism will be highlighted and introduced. To summarize, we proposed that optimizing the structure of electrolytes and expanding the voltage range of electrolytes could significantly improve the electrochemical performance of aqueous non-metallic batteries.

Key words: non-metallic cations, aqueous batteries, electrode materials, electrochemistry, structure optimization

中图分类号:

TM 911

詹世英, 于东旭, 陈楠, 杜菲. 非金属阳离子水系二次电池研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 2144-2155.

Shiying ZHAN, Dongxu YU, Nan CHEN, Fei DU. Advances of aqueous batteries with non-metallic cation charge carriers[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2144-2155.

图/表 14

参考文献 65

1	曹翊, 王永刚, 王青, 等. 水系钠离子电池的现状及展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(3): 317-323.
	CAO Y, WANG Y G, WANG Q, et al. Development of aqueous sodium ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(3): 317-323.
2	刘未未, 王保峰, 李磊. 水系锂离子电池电极材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(1): 9-20.
	LIU W W, WANG B F, LI L. Recent progress in electrode materials for aqueous lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(1): 9-20.
3	周安行, 蒋礼威, 岳金明, 等. Water-in-salt锂离子电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6): 972-986.
	ZHOU A X, JIANG L W, YUE J M, et al. Research progress on lithium-based Water-in-salt electrolytes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(6): 972-986.
4	张添奥, 刘昊, 陈永翀, 等. 大容量电池储能的本质安全探索[J/OL]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, doi: 10.19799.j.cnki.2095-4239. 2021. 0145.
	ZHANG T A, LIU H, CHEN Y C, et al. The intrinsic safety of energy storage in high-capacity battery[J], Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0145.
5	LARCHER D, TARASCON J M. Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2015, 7(1): 19-29.
6	DUNN B, KAMATH H, TARASCON J M. Electrical energy storage for the grid: A battery of choices[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6058): 928-935.
7	HUANG J H, GUO Z W, MA Y Y, et al. Recent progress of rechargeable batteries using mild aqueous electrolytes[J]. Small Methods, 2019, 3(1): doi: 10.1002/smtd.201800272.
8	JI X L. A paradigm of storage batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2019, 12(11): 3203-3224.
9	ZHANG H, LIU X, LI H H, et al. Challenges and strategies for high-energy aqueous electrolyte rechargeable batteries[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2021, 20(2): 598-616.
10	LI W, DAHN J R, WAINWRIGHT D S. Rechargeable lithium batteries with aqueous electrolytes[J]. Science, 1994, 264(5162): 1115-1118.
11	KÖHLER J, MAKIHARA H, UEGAITO H, et al. LiV₃O₈: Characterization as anode material for an aqueous rechargeable Li-ion battery system[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2000, 46(1): 59-65.
12	WANG G J, FU L J, ZHAO N H, et al. An aqueous rechargeable lithium battery with good cycling performance[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2006, 119(1/2): 299-301.
13	WANG H B, HUANG K L, ZENG Y Q, et al. Electrochemical properties of TiP₂O₇ and LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ as anode material for lithium-ion battery with aqueous solution electrolyte[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 52(9): 3280-3285.
14	LUO J Y, CUI W J, HE P, et al. Raising the cycling stability of aqueous lithium-ion batteries by eliminating oxygen in the electrolyte[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2010, 2(9): 760-765.
15	SUO L M, BORODIN O, GAO T, et al. "Water-in-salt" electrolyte enables high-voltage aqueous lithium-ion chemistries[J]. Science, 2015, 350(6263): 938-943.
16	KIM H, HONG J, PARK K Y, et al. Aqueous rechargeable Li and Na ion batteries[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(23): 11788-11827.
17	JIANG L W, LU Y X, ZHAO C L, et al. Building aqueous K-ion batteries for energy storage[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(6): 495-503.
18	LEONARD D P, WEI Z X, CHEN G, et al. Water-in-salt electrolyte for potassium-ion batteries[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2018, 3(2): 373-374.
19	YANG Y Q, TANG Y, FANG G Z, et al. Li⁺ intercalated V₂O₅·nH₂O with enlarged layer spacing and fast ion diffusion as an aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2018, 11(11): 3157-3162.
20	CHEN L, BAO J L, DONG X, et al. Aqueous Mg-ion battery based on polyimide anode and Prussian blue cathode[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2017, 2(5): 1115-1121.
21	ZHAO Q, ZACHMAN M J, AL SADAT W I, et al. Solid electrolyte interphases for high-energy aqueous aluminum electrochemical cells[J]. Science Advances, 2018, 4(11): doi: 10.1126/sciadv. aau8131.
22	GHEYTANI S, LIANG Y L, WU F L, et al. An aqueous Ca-ion battery[J]. Advanced Science, 2017, 4(12): doi: 10.1002/advs. 201700465.
23	XING Z Y, WANG S, YU A P, et al. Aqueous intercalation-type electrode materials for grid-level energy storage: beyond the limits of lithium and sodium[J]. Nano Energy, 2018, 50: 229-244.
24	CHEN W, LI G D, PEI A, et al. A manganese-hydrogen battery with potential for grid-scale energy storage[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3(5): 428-435.
25	CHAO D L, ZHOU W H, XIE F X, et al. Roadmap for advanced aqueous batteries: From design of materials to applications[J]. Science Advances, 2020, 6(21): doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4098.
26	CHAO D L, FAN H J. Intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior powers aqueous batteries[J]. Chem, 2019, 5(6): 1359-1361.
27	ZHU Y H, YANG X, ZHANG X B. Hydronium ion batteries: A sustainable energy storage solution[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2017, 56(23): 6378-6380.
28	JIANG H,HONG J, WU X, et al. Insights on the Proton Insertion Mechanism in the Electrode of Hexagonal Tungsten Oxide Hydrate[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 11556-11559.
29	LIANG G J, WANG Y L, HUANG Z D, et al. Initiating hexagonal MoO₃ for superb-stable and fast NH₄⁺ storage based on hydrogen bond chemistry[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(14): doi: 10.1002/adma.201907802.
30	POHL R, ANTOGNINI A, NEZ F, et al. The size of the proton[J]. Nature, 2010, 466(7303): 213-216.
31	LIU Y F, PAN H G, GAO M X, et al. Advanced hydrogen storage alloys for Ni/MH rechargeable batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011, 21(13): 4743-4755.
32	LU Y H, WANG L, CHENG J G, et al. Prussian blue: A new framework of electrode materials for sodium batteries[J]. Chemical Communications, 2012, 48(52): 6544-6546.
33	QIAN J F, WU C, CAO Y L, et al. Prussian blue cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and other ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(17): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702619.
34	LEE J H, ALI G, KIM D H, et al. Metal-organic framework cathodes based on a vanadium hexacyanoferrate Prussian blue analogue for high-performance aqueous rechargeable batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7(2): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201601491.
35	WU X Y, HONG J J, SHIN W, et al. Diffusion-free Grotthuss topochemistry for high-rate and long-life proton batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(2): 123-130.
36	MARX D, TUCKERMAN M E, HUTTER J, et al. The nature of the hydrated excess proton in water[J]. Nature, 1999, 397: 601-604.
37	WU X Y, QIU S, XU Y K, et al. Hydrous nickel-iron Turnbull's blue as a high-rate and low-temperature proton electrode[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(8): 9201-9208.
38	PATIL N, MAVRANDONAKIS A, JÉRÔME C, et al. Polymers bearing catechol pendants as universal hosts for aqueous rechargeable H⁺, Li-ion, and post-Li-ion (mono-, di-, and trivalent) batteries[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019, 2(5): 3035-3041.
39	EMANUELSSON R, STERBY M, STROMME M, et al. An all-organic proton battery[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017, 139(13): 4828-4834.
40	STRIETZEL C, STERBY M, HUANG H, et al. An aqueous conducting redox-polymer-based proton battery that can withstand rapid constant-voltage charging and sub-zero temperatures[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(24): 9631-9638.
41	PEREZ A J, BEER R, LIN Z F, et al. Proton ion exchange reaction in Li₃IrO₄: A way to new H₃₊xIrO₄ phases electrochemically active in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(13): 1702855.
42	LEMAIRE P, SEL O, ALVES DALLA CORTE D, et al. Elucidating the origin of the electrochemical capacity in a proton-based battery HxIrO₄ via advanced electrogravimetry[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(4): 4510-4519.
43	ZHAO Q, LIU L J, YIN J F, et al. Proton intercalation/de-intercalation dynamics in vanadium oxides for aqueous aluminum electrochemical cells[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(8): 3048-3052.
44	GUO Z W, HUANG J H, DONG X L, et al. An organic/inorganic electrode-based hydronium-ion battery[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-14748-5.
45	WANG X F, BOMMIER C, JIAN Z L, et al. Hydronium-ion batteries with perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride crystals as an electrode[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2017, 56(11): 2909-2913.
46	WANG C Y, ZHANG G, GE S, et al. Lithium-ion battery structure that self-heats at low temperatures[J]. Nature, 2016, 529(7587): 515-518.
47	LIAO B, LI H Y, XU M Q, et al. Designing low impedance interface films simultaneously on anode and cathode for high energy batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(22): doi: 10.1002/aenm.201800802.
48	YAN L, HUANG J H, GUO Z W, et al. Solid-state proton battery operated at ultralow temperature[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2020, 5(2): 685-691.
49	WESSELLS C D, PEDDADA S V, MCDOWELL M T, et al. The effect of insertion species on nanostructured open framework hexacyanoferrate battery electrodes[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2011, 159(2): A98-A103.
50	WU X, QI Y, HONG J J, et al. Rocking-chair ammonium-ion battery: A highly reversible aqueous energy storage system[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2017, 56(42): 13026-13030.
51	WU X Y, XU Y K, JIANG H, et al. NH₄⁺ topotactic insertion in Berlin green: an exceptionally long-cycling cathode in aqueous ammonium-ion batteries[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2018, 1(7): 3077-3083.
52	ZHANG Y D, AN Y F, YIN B, et al. A novel aqueous ammonium dual-ion battery based on organic polymers[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2019, 7(18): 11314-11320.
53	LI C Y, WU J H, MA F X, et al. High-rate and high-voltage aqueous rechargeable zinc ammonium hybrid battery from selective cation intercalation cathode[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019, 2(10): 6984-6989.
54	LI C Y, ZHANG D X, MA F X, et al. A high-rate and long-life aqueous rechargeable ammonium zinc hybrid battery[J]. ChemSusChem, 2019, 12(16): 3732-3736.
55	DONG S Y, SHIN W, JIANG H, et al. Ultra-fast NH₄⁺ storage: strong H bonding between NH₄⁺ and bi-layered V₂O₅[J]. Chem, 2019, 5(6): 1537-1551.
56	LI J Y, ZHENG C, QI L, et al. Storage behavior of isomeric quaternary alkyl ammonium cations in graphite electrodes for graphite/activated carbon capacitors[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 248: 342-348.
57	WEI Z X, SHIN W, JIANG H, et al. Reversible intercalation of methyl viologen as a dicationic charge carrier in aqueous batteries[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11218-5.
58	LI H F, MA L T , HAN C P, et al. Advanced rechargeable zinc-based batteries: Recent progress and future perspectives[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 62: 550-587.
59	KUNDU D, ADAMS B D, DUFFORT V, et al. A high-capacity and long-life aqueous rechargeable zinc battery using a metal oxide intercalation cathode[J]. Nature Energy, 2016, 1(10): doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.119.
60	MITCHELL J B, LO W C, GENC A, et al. Transition from battery to pseudocapacitor behavior via structural water in tungsten oxide[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2017, 29(9): 3928-3937.
61	SUN W M, YEUNG M T, LECH A T, et al. High surface area tunnels in hexagonal WO₃[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(7): 4834-4838.
62	BORODIN O, SELF J, PERSSON K A, et al. Uncharted waters: Super-concentrated electrolytes[J]. Joule, 2020, 4(1): 69-100.
63	LIU Z X, HUANG Y, HUANG Y, et al. Voltage issue of aqueous rechargeable metal-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2020, 49(1): 180-232.
64	WU X Y, XU Y K, ZHANG C, et al. Reverse dual-ion battery via a ZnCl₂ water-in-salt electrolyte[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019, 141(15): 6338-6344.
65	RODRÍGUEZ-PÉREZ I A, ZHANG L, LEONARD D P, et al. Aqueous anion insertion into a hydrocarbon cathode via a water-in-salt electrolyte[J]. Electrochemistry Communications. 2019, 109: doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106599.

[1]	张肖洒, 王宏源, 李振彪, 夏志美. 废旧磷酸铁锂电池电极材料的硫酸化焙烧-水浸新工艺[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2066-2074.
[2]	练文超, 雷励斌, 梁波, 王超, 魏磊, 田志鹏, 刘建平, 杨华政, 梁家健, 施涛. 质子导体固体氧化物电化学装置中氨的利用与合成[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 1998-2007.
[3]	柯承志, 肖本胜, 李苗, 陆敬予, 何洋, 张力, 张桥保. 电极材料储锂行为及其机制的原位透射电镜研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(4): 1219-1236.
[4]	余一凡, 顾玉萍, 李驰麟. 氟离子穿梭电池研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 217-238.
[5]	孟奇, 刘晓辉, 孙铭泽, 王其洋, 毕红. MXene/银纳米线超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(6): 1126-1131.
[6]	杨岑玉, 胡晓, 李雅文, 邢作霞, 高运兴, 董佳仪, 徐桂芝. 流固耦合固体相变蓄热建模与分析方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(3): 538-543.
[7]	苏秀丽, 杨霖霖, 周禹, 林友斌, 余姝媛. 全钒液流电池电极研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(1): 65-74.
[8]	刘梦云, 谷天天, 周敏, 王康丽, 程时杰, 蒋凯. 共轭羰基化合物作为钠/钾离子电池电极材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6): 1171-1181.
[9]	许晓雄，李泓. 为全固态锂电池“正名”[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(1): 1-.
[10]	任洋1，颉莹莹1, 2，陈宗海1，马紫峰2. 同步辐射X-射线和中子衍射在储能材料研究中应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(5): 855-863.
[11]	谢清水，王来森，彭栋梁. “高效纳米储能材料与器件的基础研究”项目介绍[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(1): 162-164.
[12]	金玉红, 王莉, 尚玉明, 高剑, 李建军, 何向明. 尖晶石结构NiCo₂O₄材料在超级电容器中的应用进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2015, 4(1): 44-54.
[13]	吴小员, 沈越, 胡先罗, 黄云辉, 余卓平. 增程式电动汽车及其动力锂离子电池[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(6): 565-574.
[14]	贾志军, 王俊, 王毅. 超级电容器电极材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(4): 322-338.
[15]	刘未未, 王保峰, 李磊. 水系锂离子电池电极材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(1): 9-12.