民用建筑用毛细管相变蓄能罐性能的实验研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0142

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着民用建筑领域谷电利用和太阳能热利用的广泛推进，相变蓄能罐的开发和应用变得尤为关键。本工作经相变蓄能装置内部传热的理论分析，设计了以高效毛细管换热装置为核心部件的民用建筑相变蓄能罐，搭建了相变蓄能罐性能测试实验系统，记录了工业相变材料的实时温度响应数据，探究了冷热水进口温度、流量及流向对相变蓄能罐热性能的影响。研究结果表明：同进温、同流量下流动介质逆重力流动的换热量是顺重力流动的1.1～1.2倍。流量变化在蓄热阶段占主导，温度变化对放热阶段影响较大，而小流量工况下，出水温度的持续稳定性更好。对于“蓄热快且容量大、放热慢且水温高”的功能需求，蓄热阶段工质入口温度70～75 ℃适宜，毛细管内工质流速推荐0.025～0.035 m/s。放热阶段毛细管内工质流速建议0.020 m/s以内。同时在实际使用中，30 ℃、85 L/h出水工况下单台蓄热2次即可满足至少20 m²房间1天的间歇供暖需求，和至少3人次的淋浴需要。本工作为家用蓄能罐的工程应用设计、评价提供参考依据。

关键词: 蓄能罐, 实验研究, 相变材料, 蓄放热性能, 民用建筑

Abstract:

The growing adoption of valley power and solar thermal utilization in civil construction has become crucial for the development and application of phase-change energy storage tanks. To address this need, this study focuses on the theoretical analysis of internal heat transfer in phase-change energy storage devices. It designed a phase-change energy storage tank for civil buildings, featuring a high-efficiency capillary heat exchanger as the core component. Furthermore, a performance testing experimental system was built to assess the thermal characteristics of the tank. Real-time temperature response data from industrial phase-change materials are recorded and analyzed to investigate the influence of the inlet temperature, flow rate, and flow direction of the hot and cold water on the thermal performance of the phase-change energy storage tank. The results show that compared to gravity flow at the same inlet temperature and flow rate, the heat transfer of the heat transfer fluid in counter-gravity flow is 1.1—1.2 times more efficient. Flow rate dominates the heat storage stage, while the inlet temperature considerably impacts the heat release stage. However, under the low flow rate condition, the outlet water temperature exhibits better continuous stability. For fulfilling the functional requirements of faster heat storage with a larger capacity and slower heat release with higher water temperature, it is recommended to set the inlet temperature of the working medium during the heat storage stage at 70—75 ℃. The recommended flow rate for the working medium in the capillary tube is 0.025—0.035 m/s. During the exothermic stage, the recommended flow rate in the capillary is within 0.020 m/s. In practical usage, a single unit of heat storage, operating twice under conditions of 30 ℃ and 85 L/h effluent, can meet the intermittent heating needs of a 20 m² room for one day and provide showering capacity for at least three people. This study provides valuable insights into the engineering application design and evaluation of domestic energy storage tanks.

Key words: energy storage tank, experimental study, phase change material, thermal storage and release performance, civil building

中图分类号:

TU 833

赵民, 李杨, 蔡婕, 康维斌, 刘磊. 民用建筑用毛细管相变蓄能罐性能的实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(8): 2626-2637.

Min ZHAO, Yang LI, Jie CAI, Weibin KANG, Lei LIU. Experimental study on the performance of capillary phase-change energy storage tank for civil building[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(8): 2626-2637.

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参数	数值
熔点/℃	50～55
潜热/(kJ/kg)	181.0
比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	2000(固)
热导率/[W/(m·K)]	0.2(固)
密度/(kg/m³)	0.907(固)/0.764(液)
体积膨胀系数/K^-1	0.1577

序号	蓄热工况				放热工况
序号	进水温度/℃	流速/(m/s)	流量/(L/h)	流动方向	进水温度/℃	流速/(m/s)	流量/(L/h)	流动方向
X1/F1(实验组)	65	0.025	142	自下而上	25	0.020	114	自下而上
X2/F2(对照组)	70	0.025	142	自下而上	30	0.020	114	自下而上
X3/F3(实验组)	75	0.025	142	自下而上	35	0.020	114	自下而上
X4/F4(实验组)	70	0.015	85	自下而上	30	0.015	85	自下而上
X5/F5(实验组)	70	0.035	199	自下而上	30	0.025	142	自下而上
X6/F6(实验组)	70	0.025	142	自上而下	30	0.025	114	自上而下

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