室温钠硫电池硫正极催化剂的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0687

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

室温钠硫电池因其正负极材料丰富的自然资源、低廉的成本和优异的能量密度被视为极具竞争力的电化学储能系统。然而，严重的穿梭效应和缓慢的反应动力学是制约室温钠硫电池可持续发展和实际应用的两大障碍。在硫正极中引入适当的催化剂被广泛证明是一种可以抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应并促进其氧化还原动力学的有效策略，并在近年来成为了该领域的研究焦点。本文从材料设计和优化的角度入手，首先总结了在室温钠硫电池硫正极中被报道的金属、金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属氮化物、金属碳化物、MXenes、金属单原子及其他在内的各种主流催化剂，并讨论了调节催化剂的吸附和催化性质的各种有效调节策略，包括尺寸缩减、缺陷工程、电化学钠化及异质结工程等。最后，针对室温钠硫电池正极用催化剂的研究现状指出了其未来的发展趋势，并基于室温钠硫电池面临的重大挑战，从基础理论研究和实用化设计两个层面展望了其未来的发展方向。

关键词: 室温钠硫电池, 穿梭效应, 催化剂, 动力学

Abstract:

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) battery is regarded as a highly competitive electrochemical energy storage system because of the abundant natural resources, low cost, and excellent energy density. However, the serious shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics are two major obstacles restricting the sustainable development and practical applications of RT Na-S batteries. Incorporating suitable catalysts into sulfur cathodes is widely proved as an effective strategy to inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides and promote their redox kinetics, thus becoming the research focus in this field. In this review, mainstream catalysts for sulfur cathodes in RT Na-S batteries are first summarized from the perspective of materials design and optimization, including metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, MXenes, single atoms, and others. Then, various effective strategies to regulate adsorption and catalysis properties are discussed, involving size tailoring, defect engineering, electrochemical sodiation, and heterostructure engineering. Finally, the future development tendency of catalysts is pointed out based on their research status, and prospects regarding future developmental directions of RT Na-S batteries are offered in view of the major challenges facing RT Na-S batteries, involving two aspects of fundamental research and practical design.

Key words: room-temperature Na-S batteries, shuttle effect, catalyst, kinetics

中图分类号:

TM 911

黄祥龙, 李怡, 徐茂文. 室温钠硫电池硫正极催化剂的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 231-239.

Xianglong HUANG, Yi LI, Maowen XU. Recent advances in cathode catalysts for room-temperature Na-S batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 231-239.

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催化剂	催化剂含量/%	倍率能力/(A/g)/(mAh/g)	循环性能
催化剂	催化剂含量/%	倍率能力/(A/g)/(mAh/g)	电流密度/(A/g)	循环寿命(n)	容量剩余/(mAh/g)
Co^[12]	15.7	8.375/240	0.8375	600	398
Nb₂O₅^[25]	16.8	2/405	0.5	600	617
FeS₂^[36]	14.5	1/395	0.1	300	524
Fe₃N^[37]	11	16.75/650	8.375	2800	698.7
Ti₃C₂T _x^[46]	—	8.375/550.6	3.35	500	577
Y-N₄^[53]	—	10/516	5	1000	510
TiN-TiO₂^[64]	—	5/440.2	5	1000	257.1

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