基于空间分辨中子衍射方法的锂离子电池电化学反应均匀性研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0773

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1): 72-81.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0773

• 高比能二次电池关键材料与先进表征专刊 • 上一篇下一篇

基于空间分辨中子衍射方法的锂离子电池电化学反应均匀性研究

童文欣¹(), 黄中垣¹, 王睿¹, 邓司浩², 何伦华²^,³, 肖荫果¹()

^1.北京大学深圳研究生院，广东深圳 518055
^2.散裂中子源科学中心，广东东莞 523803
^3.中国科学院物理研究所，北京 100190

收稿日期:2023-10-30 修回日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-01-05 发布日期:2024-01-22
通讯作者: 肖荫果 E-mail:tongwx@stu.pku.edu.cn;y.xiao@pku.edu.cn
作者简介:童文欣（1991—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为锂离子电池材料及中子散射方法，E-mail：tongwx@stu.pku.edu.cn；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0406203);国家自然科学基金(52072008);广东省区域联合基金(2022B1515120070);东莞松山湖大科学装置开放课题(KFKT2022A04);材料基因组大科学装置平台重大科技基础设施项目（平台项目）

Spatially-resolved neutron diffraction study of the homogeneity of electrochemical reaction in lithium-ion batteries

Wenxin TONG¹(), Zhongyuan HUANG¹, Rui WANG¹, Sihao DENG², Lunhua HE²^,³, Yinguo XIAO¹()

^1.Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
^2.Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, Guangdong, China
^3.Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2023-10-30 Revised:2023-11-22 Online:2024-01-05 Published:2024-01-22
Contact: Yinguo XIAO E-mail:tongwx@stu.pku.edu.cn;y.xiao@pku.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池作为一种具有复杂组成的电化学器件，其电化学反应的均匀性受多种因素影响，包括正负极材料成分、电池结构和制备工艺等。电池的局部电化学反应不均匀性将导致局部失效加剧，进而影响其电化学性能、循环稳定性和安全性。鉴于电池拆解分析不但会破坏其电芯结构，改变电极材料的化学性质，进而影响分析结果的准确性，本工作介绍并应用无损的空间分辨飞行时间中子衍射方法，对大尺寸软包锂离子电池电化学反应分布的均匀性展开研究。通过采集和分析毫米尺度测试区域的中子衍射数据，获得了全电池在初始状态和失效状态下锂离子嵌入石墨负极过程中的相变信息，并构建了全电池不同位置处的石墨负极多相含量分布和归一化后负极中的锂浓度分布图。此外，结合高精度三维X射线断层扫描方法，从电池厚度、电流密度和电解质浓度等多个角度，分析和探讨了这些因素对锂离子电池电化学反应均匀性的影响。空间分辨中子粉末衍射方法可以对不同类型和不同形状的金属离子电池中的电化学反应均匀性进行快速直接的检测，为电池结构性能优化和技术改进提供强有力的技术支持。

关键词: 空间分辨中子衍射方法, 锂离子电池材料, 锂浓度分布, 电化学反应均匀性

Abstract:

The homogeneity of electrochemical reactions in lithium-ion batteries, which are electrochemical devices with complex composition, is influenced by various factors, such as electrode material composition, battery structure, and manufacturing processes. Inhomogeneous electrochemical reactions within the battery can exacerbate failures, thereby affecting electrochemical performance, cycle stability, and safety. Recognizing the irreversible impact of battery disassembly on its chemical properties and structure, this study introduced a nondestructive spatially-resolved time-of-flight neutron diffraction method to investigate the homogeneity of electrochemical reactions in large-scale pouch lithium-ion cells. By collecting and analyzing neutron diffraction data in millimeter-scale areas, this study offers insights into the phase transitions in the graphite negative electrode during lithiation for both fresh and failed cells. Herein, distribution maps of the phase content within the negative electrode in different neutron diffraction regions and the lithium concentration distribution in the negative electrodes were constructed by normalization. Furthermore, by integrating high-precision three-dimensional X-ray CT scans, the influence of various factors on the homogeneity of electrochemical reactions, including current density, electrode thickness, and electrolyte concentration, was analyzed. Spatially-resolved neutron powder diffraction provides a rapid and direct estimation for studying the electrochemical reaction homogeneity of metal-ion batteries of different types, shapes, and sizes. This study provides robust technical support for structural and performance optimization and technical battery improvements.

Key words: spatially-resolved neutron powder diffraction, electrode of Li-ion batteries, lithium distribution, homogeneity of electrochemical reaction

中图分类号:

O 571.56

童文欣, 黄中垣, 王睿, 邓司浩, 何伦华, 肖荫果. 基于空间分辨中子衍射方法的锂离子电池电化学反应均匀性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 72-81.

Wenxin TONG, Zhongyuan HUANG, Rui WANG, Sihao DENG, Lunhua HE, Yinguo XIAO. Spatially-resolved neutron diffraction study of the homogeneity of electrochemical reaction in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 72-81.

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基于空间分辨中子衍射方法的锂离子电池电化学反应均匀性研究

Spatially-resolved neutron diffraction study of the homogeneity of electrochemical reaction in lithium-ion batteries

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