储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1): 57-71.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0213
• 高比能二次电池关键材料与先进表征专刊 • 上一篇 下一篇
李召阳1(), 刘定宏1, 赵岩岩1, 陈满2, 雷旗开2, 彭鹏2, 刘磊1()
收稿日期:
2023-04-10
修回日期:
2023-06-30
出版日期:
2024-01-05
发布日期:
2024-01-22
通讯作者:
刘磊
E-mail:lizhaoyang@catarc.ac.cn;liulei2013@catarc.ac.cn
作者简介:
李召阳(1993—),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为锂电池测评技术,E-mail:lizhaoyang@catarc.ac.cn;
基金资助:
Zhaoyang LI1(), Dinghong LIU1, Yanyan ZHAO1, Man CHEN2, Qikai LEI2, Peng PENG2, Lei LIU1()
Received:
2023-04-10
Revised:
2023-06-30
Online:
2024-01-05
Published:
2024-01-22
Contact:
Lei LIU
E-mail:lizhaoyang@catarc.ac.cn;liulei2013@catarc.ac.cn
摘要:
通过高重复性的针刺试验平台对两款高镍三元体系的高比能量(260~300 Wh/kg)软包锂离子动力电池进行试验,基于针刺内短路的电子流向模型,分析了不同针刺速度、针尖角度、夹具形式和针刺位置的影响和作用规律,并提出针刺安全性能的量化评估参数。试验结果表明:测试使用的夹具孔径越小、针刺速度越快,电池在针刺过程中的内短路放电就越严重,针刺后的温升和压降也越大,特别是使用20 mm以下孔径夹具对高比能软包电池进行高速针刺时有较大概率触发热失控并起火;然而由于软包电池的层间导热系数较低,此时电芯外部温升相对起火存在一定滞后性;在其他条件相同时,刺针针尖角度的变化并不会给内短路放电的能量损耗带来太大差异,反而是针刺位置的偏离会大大提高失效起火的风险,这再次印证了隔膜对刺针的包裹和阻隔作用是高比能量软包电池针刺起火与否的重要影响因素;区别于传统的测试现象描述和Hazard Level等级评价,针对内短路发热导致集流体熔融这一过程,可以根据其特征电压参数计算短路恶劣指数,能够为产品的针刺安全性能提供量化的评价指标。本研究有助于锂离子软包电池的针刺测评技术开发,并可以为高比能量电池在面临机械应力破坏或枝晶过度生长时的安全性提供试验参考。
中图分类号:
李召阳, 刘定宏, 赵岩岩, 陈满, 雷旗开, 彭鹏, 刘磊. 高比能量锂离子软包电池针刺测试的影响因素研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 57-71.
Zhaoyang LI, Dinghong LIU, Yanyan ZHAO, Man CHEN, Qikai LEI, Peng PENG, Lei LIU. Nail penetration characteristics of high-energy-density lithium-ion pouch cell[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 57-71.
表4
16组不同条件下针刺测试结果的量化对比"
组别 | 孔径/mm | 速度/(mm/s) | 针尖/(°) | 针刺位置 | 试验结果 | ΔV/mV | ΔT/℃ | Λ/mV2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 100 | 80 | 30° | 孔中心 | HL3 | 113 | 9.4 | 2×2=4 |
B1 | HL3 | 69 | 3.5 | 18×15=270 | ||||
A2 | 20 | 80 | 30° | 孔中心 | HL5 | — | — | — |
B2 | HL3 | 116 | 6.4 | 23×20=460 | ||||
A3 | 20 | 0.1 | 30° | 孔中心 | HL3 | 30 | 2.2 | 9×4=36 |
B3 | HL3 | 80 | 3.1 | 12×2=24 | ||||
A4 | 20 | 0.1 | 30° | 孔边缘 | HL5 | — | — | 12×5=60 |
B4 | HL5 | — | — | — | ||||
A5 | 50 | 80 | 30° | 孔中心 | HL3 | 136 | 22 | 23×15=345 |
B5 | HL3 | 97 | 5.7 | 20×17=340 | ||||
A6 | 50 | 0.1 | 30° | 孔中心 | HL3 | 18 | 0.9 | 8×3=24 |
B6 | HL3 | 19 | 1.2 | 5×3=15 | ||||
A7 | 20 | 0.1 | 60° | 孔中心 | HL3 | 27 | 2 | 7×3=21 |
B7 | HL3 | 24 | 1 | 8×4=32 | ||||
A8 | 100 | 0.1 | 30° | 孔中心 | HL3 | 11 | 0.6 | 7×3=21 |
B8 | HL3 | 18 | 1.3 | 7×2=14 |
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