用于Li-CO2 电池的阴极催化剂：发展及挑战

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0348

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (10): 3453-3466.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0348

用于Li-CO₂ 电池的阴极催化剂：发展及挑战

王雨锟¹^,²(), 李雪莲¹^,²^,³(), 雷普英¹^,², 齐凯¹^,², 高丽丽¹^,²(), 王转培⁴, 杨晓伟⁴^,⁵

^1.太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院，山西晋中 030600
^2.山西省重点实验室，大气复合污染识别与控制，山西太原 030024
^3.山西中科华能科技有限公司，山西太原 030032
^4.河南大学能源科学与技术学院，河南郑州 450046
^5.上海交通大学化学化工学院，上海 200240

收稿日期:2024-04-22 修回日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-10-28 发布日期:2024-10-30
通讯作者: 李雪莲,高丽丽 E-mail:wangyukun1156@link.tyut.edu.cn;lixuelian@tyut.edu.cn;gaolili@tyut.edu.cn
作者简介:王雨锟(1999—)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事Li-CO₂电池阴极催化剂研究，E-mail：wangyukun1156@link.tyut.edu.cn；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52103307);博士后面上项目(2023M742575);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124015)

Cathode catalysts for Li-CO₂ battery: Development and challenges

Yukun WANG¹^,²(), Xuelian LI¹^,²^,³(), Puying LEI¹^,², Kai QI¹^,², Lili GAO¹^,²(), Zhuanpei WANG⁴, Xiaowei YANG⁴^,⁵

^1.Department of Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
^2.Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory, Identification and Control of Atmospheric Complex Pollution, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
^3.Shanxi Zhongke Huaneng Technology corporation, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
^4.School of Energy Science and Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
^5.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Received:2024-04-22 Revised:2024-05-15 Online:2024-10-28 Published:2024-10-30
Contact: Xuelian LI, Lili GAO E-mail:wangyukun1156@link.tyut.edu.cn;lixuelian@tyut.edu.cn;gaolili@tyut.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在能源危机与温室效应日益加剧的形势下，Li-CO₂电池作为一种兼具高效储能与CO₂气体利用的新型器件，具有重大的研究意义。鉴于电池涉及多相反应，电子传递与物质转移主要发生于阴极，因此，Li-CO₂电池阴极催化剂的设计与制备显得尤为重要。本文探讨了Li-CO₂电池作为新型储能器件的优势，基于Li-CO₂电池充放电反应机理的发展历程，深入探讨了目前其面临的关键挑战，如充放电电位差较大，容量衰减快和循环稳定性差等问题，将解决方案聚焦于阴极催化剂的研发，提出高效催化剂应该满足的核心条件。总结了近年来碳基非金属，贵金属和过渡金属等传统催化剂在Li-CO₂电池领域的应用情况，并深入分析了各类催化剂的优势与不足；本文重点介绍了新兴的单原子催化剂与氧化还原介质研究进展，通过结构表征和理论计算证明其在Li-CO₂电池领域展现出卓越的催化性能；本文深入剖析了Li-CO₂电池进一步发展所面临的关键问题与严峻挑战，并对单原子催化剂未来的研究方向进行了展望，旨在为推动Li-CO₂电池技术的不断进步提供有益的参考与借鉴。

关键词: Li-CO₂电池, 反应机理, 正极, 单原子催化剂

Abstract:

With the increasing energy crisis and worsening greenhouse effect, the development of Li-CO₂ batteries holds significant promise as a next-generation energy storage device with high efficiency and CO₂ utilization. The operation of Li-CO₂ batteries involves complex multiphase reactions coupled with electron/substance transfer, primarily occurring at the cathode. Therefore, the design and synthesis of effective cathode catalysts are crucial for enhancing battery performance. This study reviews the advantages of Li-CO₂ batteries as new energy storage devices and examines their electrochemical reaction mechanisms. The key challenges, such as the large potential gap, rapid capacity degradation, and poor cycling stability are discussed. This review focuses on cathode material research and outlines the key conditions for high-efficiency catalysts. Among the conventional catalysts, such as carbon-based non-metallic, noble metal, and transition metal, the emerging single-atom catalysts (SACs) and redox mediators are highlighted, demonstrating excellent catalytic performance as proven via characterization and theoretical calculations. Considering the future challenges in Li-CO₂ batteries, more research should be done in SACs to promote continuous technological progress in this field.

Key words: Li-CO₂ battery, reaction mechanisms, cathode, single-atom catalyst

中图分类号:

TM 910.4

王雨锟, 李雪莲, 雷普英, 齐凯, 高丽丽, 王转培, 杨晓伟. 用于Li-CO₂ 电池的阴极催化剂：发展及挑战[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3453-3466.

Yukun WANG, Xuelian LI, Puying LEI, Kai QI, Lili GAO, Zhuanpei WANG, Xiaowei YANG. Cathode catalysts for Li-CO₂ battery: Development and challenges[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3453-3466.

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用于Li-CO₂ 电池的阴极催化剂：发展及挑战

Cathode catalysts for Li-CO₂ battery: Development and challenges

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