储能科学与技术

• XXXX •    

高亲锂Ga2O3 纳米片改性集流体助力高性能无枝晶锂金属负极

唐超1(), 李涯皓1(), 向嘉2(), 杨学林1,2,3   

  1. 1.三峡大学电气与新能源学院，湖北省新能源微电网协同创新中心，湖北 宜昌 443002
    2.三峡大学分析测试中心，湖北 宜昌 443002
    3.三峡大学材料与化工学院，湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 修回日期:2025-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 李涯皓,向嘉 E-mail:1370394796@qq.com;liyahao66@126.com;408768011@qq.com
  • 作者简介:唐超（2000—），男，在读硕士研究生，从事锂金属负极三维集流体研究，E-mail：1370394796@qq.com；
  • 基金资助:
    无

Highly lithiophilic Ga2O3 nanosheets-modified current collector facilitating high-performance dendrite-free lithium metal anode

Chao TANG1(), Yahao LI1(), Jia XIANG2(), Xuelin YANG1,2,3   

  1. 1.Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
    2.Analysis and Testing Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
    3.College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-05-28
  • Contact: Yahao LI, Jia XIANG E-mail:1370394796@qq.com;liyahao66@126.com;408768011@qq.com

摘要：

锂金属负极因其超高理论比容量被视为下一代高能量密度电池的理想选择。然而，在循环过程中锂金属易形成锂枝晶并伴随着剧烈的体积变化，严重制约了其实际应用。三维泡沫镍具有高比表面积和良好导电性，可作为锂金属负极的集流体，有效缓解锂金属的体积变化并且能够降低局部电流密度。然而，其固有的疏锂性使得锂沉积过程中易形成枝晶，无法充分利用其三维结构来引导锂沉积。为此，本文通过在泡沫镍上负载Ga2O3纳米片，其能够与锂原位反应生成具有优异亲锂性和良好电子、离子电导率的Li-Ga合金，从而有效抑制锂枝晶生长。结果显示，改性半电池中在1 mA cm-2电流密度和1 mAh cm-2面积容量的循环条件下能够稳定循环170圈，平均库伦效率高达97.8 %；对称电池在1 mA cm-2电流密度和1 mAh cm-2面积容量的循环条件下能以7 mV的极化电压稳定运行超过1200小时；此外，当与磷酸铁锂正极匹配组装成全电池时，也能够获得优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。综上，本文提出的改性方法是一种简洁有效的构建高性能锂金属负极策略。

关键词: 锂金属负极, 三维集流体, 锂镓合金, 亲锂性, 无枝晶

Abstract:

Lithium metal anodes have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density batteries due to their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity. However, the practical application of lithium metal is severely hindered by the formation of lithium dendrites and drastic volume fluctuations during cycling, which lead to poor cycling stability and safety issues. Three-dimensional (3D) nickel foam, with its high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, has been considered a potential current collector to alleviate volume expansion and reduce local current density. Nevertheless, its intrinsic lithiophobic nature results in non-uniform lithium deposition and dendrite formation, limiting the full utilization of the 3D architecture. To address this challenge, we propose a facile strategy by decorating nickel foam with Ga2O3 nanosheets. These nanosheets can react in situ with lithium during cycling to form Li-Ga alloys, which possess excellent lithiophilicity and enhanced electronic and ionic conductivity, thereby effectively guiding uniform Li nucleation and suppressing dendritic growth. Structural characterizations and electrochemical measurements confirm that the modified current collector significantly improves the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anodes. Specifically, in half-cell tests with an area capacity of 1 mA h cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2, the modified electrode delivers stable cycling over 170 cycles with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 97.8%. In symmetric cells, a low polarization voltage of only 7 mV is maintained over 1200 hours of continuous cycling at the same current density. Furthermore, when paired with a LiFePO4 cathode in full-cell configuration, the modified anode exhibits excellent rate capability and long-term cycling stability. In summary, this work provides a simple and effective approach to enable dendrite-free lithium metal anodes, offering new insights into the design of advanced lithium metal battery architectures.

Key words: Lithium metal anode, Three-dimensional current collector, Li-Ga alloy, Lithiophilicity, Dendrite-free

中图分类号: