关键词: 燃料电池, 能量管理方法, 动态规则, 混合动力船舶

Abstract:

Fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems, owing to their clean and efficient characteristics, have emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of new-energy vessels. However, their widespread adoption is constrained by relatively high operational and maintenance costs. To address this challenge, this study proposes a dynamic rule-optimized energy management strategy for marine fuel cell-battery hybrid power systems, underpinned by a comprehensive operational cost model that incorporates hydrogen fuel costs, performance degradation costs of fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries, and equivalent electric energy consumption costs. The proposed strategy embeds rule parameters as tunable variables within an optimization framework and employs the superb fairy-wren optimization algorithm (SFOA) to iteratively update and optimize these parameters. By leveraging the cost model, the strategy achieves multi-source coordinated control aimed at minimizing the total operational cost of the system. Under a standard marine operating profile, the proposed method is benchmarked against conventional energy management strategies. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy reduces total operational costs by 11.47% and 17.76% compared with state-machine-based and equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization strategies, respectively. Further analysis reveals that the strategy achieves superior balance in fuel cell power output, lithium-ion battery state-of-charge fluctuations, and system energy distribution, thereby mitigating the performance degradation of both the fuel cell and the battery and extending their service life. This research provides a viable energy management approach for the cost-effective operation of fuel cell hybrid vessels and offers valuable insights for the promotion and application of new-energy ships.

Key words: Fuel Cells, Energy Management Strategy, Dynamic Rules, Hybrid-Powered Ships