锌铁液流电池研究现状及展望

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0382

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锌铁液流电池由于安全、稳定、电解液成本低等优点成为电化学储能热点技术之一。本文介绍了锌铁液流电池的研究现状，论述其主要优势，重点归纳并分析该电池研究过程存在的主要挑战。锌铁液流电池可以在很宽的pH范围内工作，碱性锌铁液流电池开路电压较高，搭配多孔膜和多孔电极后可以在较高的电流密度下长期循环；酸性锌铁液流电池充分利用了铁离子在酸性介质中溶解度高、电化学性能稳定的优势，但负极侧受pH影响较大；中性锌铁液流电池由于其无毒无害、环境温和逐渐受到关注，与多孔膜结合可有效降低电池成本。无论哪种锌铁液流电池，负极侧都存在锌枝晶和面容量有限的缺点，成为锌铁液流电池产业化必须考虑的问题。针对这些挑战，本文从机理出发综述了锌铁液流电池的研究现状，研究者结合实验与数值模拟，通过优化电解液、电极、隔膜、电池结构等技术途径，有望提升锌铁液流电池性能，推进实际应用技术发展。

关键词: 液流电池, 锌铁体系, 锌枝晶, 锌基电解液, 储能技术

Abstract:

Zinc-iron flow batteries are one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage technologies because of their safety, stability, and low cost. This review discusses the current situations and problems of zinc-iron flow batteries. These batteries can work in a wide range of pH by adopting different varieties of iron couples. An alkaline zinc-iron flow battery usually has a high open-circuit voltage and a long life cycle performance using porous electrode and membrane. In an acidic zinc-iron flow battery, the iron ions in the positive side have good solubility and reversible chemical stability, while zinc in the negative side is greatly affected by the pH. The neutral zinc-iron flow battery has attracted more attention due to its mild condition and low cost using a porous membrane. However, all kinds of zinc-iron flow battery suffer from zinc dendrite and low areal capacity, which hinders its commercial development. Some prospects for developing new electrolyte, electrode, membrane, and battery structures combining experiment and accurate physical models are finally proposed.

Key words: flow battery, zinc-iron flow battery, zinc dendrite, zinc-based flow battery, battery energy storage

中图分类号:

TK 02

姚祯, 王锐, 阳雪, 张琦, 刘庆华, 王保国, 缪平. 锌铁液流电池研究现状及展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 78-88.

Zhen YAO, Rui WANG, Xue YANG, Qi ZHANG, Qinghua LIU, Baoguo WANG, Ping MIAO. Current situations and prospects of zinc-iron flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 78-88.

图/表 3

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