辅助抽水蓄能调频的飞轮控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0422

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着可再生能源发电在电网的渗透率逐年上升，其固有的随机性和波动性给电网频率安全带来了挑战。为提升区域系统调频能力，本文提出了飞轮辅助抽水蓄能调频的混合储能方案。为保证飞轮健康有效率地运行，将改进灰色预测模型与模糊逻辑结合，并基于飞轮荷电状态和区域控制偏差的实时感知和评估，构成灰色模糊修正控制对飞轮和抽水蓄能进行能量分配的修正，实现飞轮储能与抽水蓄能的协调互补运行。在飞轮控制模块中，将飞轮荷电状态划分为不同的区间，并利用Sigmoid函数和Logistic回归函数构建了飞轮储能充放电约束和基于区域控制误差与飞轮荷电状态的自恢复模式，确定每个不同的荷电状态区间上飞轮储能系统的出力模式。在MATLAB/Simulink中构建两区域负荷频率模型，在阶跃负荷扰动与随机负荷扰动的情况下对所提方案策略进行仿真验证，仿真结果表明所提方案策略在提高系统调频能力、降低常规能源调频参与度、提高飞轮与抽蓄利用率和提高飞轮荷电状态维持效果等方面具有优势。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 混合储能, 残差修正GM(1,1), 调频, 模糊控制, 荷电状态

Abstract:

As the permeability of renewable energy power generation increases year by year, its inherent randomness and volatility brought challenges to the frequency security of power systems. This paper proposes a hybrid energy storage scheme with pumped storage and flywheel energy storage system(FESS) to improve the frequency regulation capacity of the regional system. Based on the state of charge(SOC) and the area control error(ACE), the paper designs a grey-fuzzy-correction control which contains two fuzzy controller and a grey prediction to correct the energy distribution of the FESS and the pumped storage. Therefore, the FESS and the pumped storage can participate in the frequency regulation in a coordinated way. In the flywheel energy storage control module, the SOC signal is divided into different intervals and using Sigmoid and Logistic regression model the paper constructs the charge and discharge constraints of FESS and the self-recovery mode on the basis of real-time state perception and comprehensive evaluation to ensure that the flywheel runs healthily and efficiently. In MATLAB/Simulink, a two-region load frequency control model is constructed and the effects of the system and the output power situations of frequency-modulation resources with or without hybrid energy storage system and control strategy in the case of step and continuous disturbance are analyzed. As far as the frequency regulation effect is concerned, the simulation results show that, compared with the separate frequency modulation of conventional power generation in scheme 1, the effects of frequency regulation can be enhanced because of the quick response capability of hybrid energy storage system. The frequency regulation effect of the scheme proposed in this article is only slightly inferior to that of scheme 3, which has no power and capacity limitations for the flywheel energy storage. Focusing on the state of the flywheel energy storage, the simulation results show that the SOC of the flywheel in the proposed scheme has the best maintenance effect, and in scheme 2, it approaches to the maximum value many times, while the SOC of flywheel in scheme 3 even exceeds the allowable range. Moreover, the proposed scheme improves the frequency regulation participation of pumped storage and liberates conventional power generation from frequency regulation compared with the comparison schemes.Comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed scheme and strategy have advantages in improving the system frequency regulation ability, reducing frequency regulation engagement for conventional energy sources, improving the utilization rate of the hybrid energy storage system and improving the maintenance effect of the flywheel SOC.

Key words: flywheel energy storage, hybrid energy storage, residual modified GM(1,1), frequency regulation, fuzzy control, state of charge

中图分类号:

TM 712

秦昊, 秦立军, 白雪辰, 李聪. 辅助抽水蓄能调频的飞轮控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3915-3925.

Hao QIN, Lijun QIN, Xuechen BAI, Cong LI. A control strategy of flywheel energy storage system participating frequency regulation with pumped storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3915-3925.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

表2

K2模糊规则"

SOC	$D e t A C E f$
SOC	NB	NM	NS	ZO	PS	PM	PB
NB	PS	PS	PS	ZO	NS	NM	NB
NM	PM	PM	PM	ZO	NS	NM	NB
NS	PB	PB	PB	PS	NS	NM	NB
ZO	PB	PB	PB	PS	NS	NM	NB
PS	PB	PB	PB	PS	NS	NM	NB
PM	PM	PM	PM	ZO	NS	NM	NB
PB	PS	PS	PS	ZO	NS	NM	NB

表2

图8

表3

阶跃扰动下调频评价结果"

方案	$Δ f m$	$Δ f r m s$	$G S$	$G F E S S$	$G P$	$S O C r m s$
方案1	-0.0600	0.0202	0.0112
方案2	-0.0230	0.0051	0.0085	0.0195	0.0116	0.2398
方案3	-0.0192	0.0036	0.0066	0.0132	0.0114	0.4157
本工作方案	-0.0182	0.0035	0.0072	0.0199	0.0129	0.2238

表3

图9

图10

图11

表4

随机扰动下调频评价结果"

方案	$Δ f m$	$Δ f r m s$	$G S$	$G F E S S$	$G P$	$S O C r m s$
方案1	-0.2026	0.0656	0.1564
方案2	-0.1405	0.0548	0.1488	1.4963	0.2807	0.2693
方案3	-0.0884	0.0332	0.1394	1.6359	0.2229	0.3321
本工作方案	0.1220	0.0412	0.1409	2.0469	0.6864	0.1517

表4

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