锂电池安全性多尺度研究策略：实验与模拟方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为新一代电化学储能体系，锂离子电池在消费电子产品、交通动力系统、电网储能等领域具有重要的应用价值。然而，在锂离子电池的商业化进程中，安全性事故时有发生，影响了锂离子电池的大规模应用。本文从电池安全性的三个研究尺度：材料、电芯、系统，综述了与之对应的重要研究方法，其中每个尺度均包括基于物理样品的实验方法和基于计算机数学模型的模拟方法。本文介绍了这些方法的基本原理，通过典型案例展示了这些方法在安全性研究中的适用场景和作用，并探讨了实验和模拟方法之间的联系，着重介绍了材料热分析、材料加热过程中结构分析、电芯加速度量热分析、电芯安全性数值模拟等方法。基于对多尺度研究策略的系统综述，认为安全性研究需要在各个尺度联合同步开展。最后，展望了下一代锂电池，如固态电池、锂金属电池等，可能面临的电池安全性问题。这些新体系的安全性研究仍处于早期，其材料和验证型电芯的安全性研究是当前阶段值得关注的重要课题。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 安全性, 实验方法, 数值模拟, 固态电池, 锂金属电池

Abstract:

As a new emerging electrochemical energy storage device, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) show excellent value in consumer electronics, transportation power systems, and grid energy storage. However, there are occasional safety accidents during LIB commercialization, affecting large-scale applications. This study reviews crucial research methods for battery safety based on three research scales: material, cell, and system, including experimental methods based on physical samples and simulation methods based on computer numerical models. The basic principles of these methods are introduced, and applicable scenarios and functions are demonstrated through typical cases. The relationship between experimental and simulation methods is discussed. Representative methods are introduced, such as thermal analysis and in situ temperature-dependent characterization of materials, accelerating rate calorimetry, and numerical cell simulation. Based on a systematic review of multiscale research strategies, the research on lithium battery safety in each scale should be conducted jointly. The safety research of the next-generation lithium battery, such as solid-state and lithium metal batteries, is prospected. The safety research of these systems is in an early stage, and research on the material and cell is a crucial topic currently.

Key words: lithium ion battery, safety, experimental methods, numerical simulation, solid state battery, lithium metal battery

中图分类号:

O 646.21

甘露雨, 陈汝颂, 潘弘毅, 吴思远, 禹习谦, 李泓. 锂电池安全性多尺度研究策略：实验与模拟方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(3): 852-865.

Luyu GAN, Rusong CHEN, Hongyi PAN, Siyuan WU, Xiqian YU, Hong LI. Multiscale research strategy of lithium ion battery safety issue： Experimental and simulation methods[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 852-865.

图/表 3

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