储能用锂离子电池安全性测试与评估方法比较

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0510

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (5): 1650-1656.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0510

储能用锂离子电池安全性测试与评估方法比较

胡振恺¹(), 雷博², 李勇琦¹, 史尤杰², 雷旗开¹, 何智鹏²

^1.南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司，广东广州 510630
^2.南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司，广东广州 510663

收稿日期:2021-09-28 修回日期:2021-10-18 出版日期:2022-05-05 发布日期:2022-05-07
通讯作者: 胡振恺 E-mail:273400339@qq.com
作者简介:胡振恺（1986—），男，工程师，主要研究新型电力储能技术及储能系统安全，E-mail：273400339@qq.com。
基金资助:
南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司科技项目(020000KK52190021);南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司科技项目(SEPRI-K205021)

Comparative study on safety test and evaluation methods of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage

Zhenkai HU¹(), Bo LEI², Yongqi LI¹, Youjie SHI², Qikai LEI¹, Zhipeng HE²

^1.China Southern Power Grid Power Generation Company, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
^2.China Southern Power Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd. , Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China

Received:2021-09-28 Revised:2021-10-18 Online:2022-05-05 Published:2022-05-07
Contact: Zhenkai HU E-mail:273400339@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为支撑智能电网和能源转型发展的关键技术，储能受到了全球的广泛关注。锂离子电池因能量密度高、寿命长和无污染等性能，成为大规模储能的首选储存载体之一，锂离子电池储能规模也在迅速增长。但是近年来，锂离子电池热失控火灾事故频发，成为制约其大规模应用的关键因素。针对这一问题，本文归纳对比了国内外常用的储能用锂离子电池安全测试标准，如IEC 62619、IEC 63056、UL 1973和UL 9540A等国外标准，以及GB/T 36276、T/CNESA 1004等相关国家标准、团体标准。同时，根据储能系统的特性，着重从单体、模组、单元与安装等储能系统四个不同层级，将热失控测试方法进行了探讨分析，指出了国内现行测试标准的不足，并提出合理化建议，旨在维护锂离子电池储能系统的安全底线。

关键词: 储能, 锂离子电池, 安全性能, 测试标准

Abstract:

Energy storage technology, which has attracted extensive attention all over the world, is the key to supporting energy transformation and the smart grid. Due to its high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness, the lithium-ion battery has become one of the preferred storage carriers for large-scale energy storage. The magnitude of energy storage has been observed to increase continually. However, fire accidents have occurred frequently in lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, limiting their further application. Because of this problem, this study compares the representative safety test standards of lithium-ion battery energy storage at home and abroad, for example, foreign standards such as IEC 62619, IEC 63056, UL 1973, and UL 9540A, as well as national, industrial, and alliance standards such as GB/T 36276 and T/CNESA 1004. Further, the test methods for thermal runaway are analyzed at the cell, module, unit, and installation levels according to the characteristics of the energy storage system. Finally, the shortcomings of the current standards are revealed, and several proposals are advanced to promote the safe and efficient operation of energy storage systems.

Key words: energy storage, lithium-ion battery, safety performance, test standard

中图分类号:

TM 911

胡振恺, 雷博, 李勇琦, 史尤杰, 雷旗开, 何智鹏. 储能用锂离子电池安全性测试与评估方法比较[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1650-1656.

Zhenkai HU, Bo LEI, Yongqi LI, Youjie SHI, Qikai LEI, Zhipeng HE. Comparative study on safety test and evaluation methods of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1650-1656.

图/表 4

参考文献 21

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电池能量E/Wh	最大加热功率P/W
E<100	30≤P<300
100≤E<400	300≤P<1000
400≤E<800	300≤P<2000
E≥800	>600

电池类型	加热方式	加热功率P/W
方形(软包)电池	加热板	500
圆柱形电池	加热棒	100～500(容量≤50 Ah)
圆柱形电池	加热棒	600～1200(容量>50 Ah)

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储能用锂离子电池安全性测试与评估方法比较

Comparative study on safety test and evaluation methods of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage

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