锂离子电池中的智能安全电解液研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0176

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电解液是锂离子电池中的重要组成部分，在电池两极之间起到了离子传输的作用。传统的有机电解液体系在面临电池的热失控时，难以进行及时的阻断，智能响应材料的发展为解决该问题提供了思路。本文对于近年来锂离子电池的智能安全电解液材料发展进行了综述，在面临不同滥用条件时，电解液的智能响应过程均进行了原理性的说明以及应用实例的介绍。例如，热响应性聚合物电解液能够通过构相转变及时阻断电池的非正常升温，剪切增稠电解液的相转变能有效应对电池受到的机械冲击，氧化还原穿梭剂的添加能够降低电池在过充情况下的热失控风险。最后，本文也对锂离子电池其余组件的智能化进行了简要概括。该研究对提高锂离子电池安全性以及智能响应材料的开发有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 热响应聚合物电解液, 剪切增稠电解液, 氧化还原穿梭剂

Abstract:

The electrolyte is an important part of the lithium ion battery, which plays a role in ion transmission between the cathode and anode. When the traditional organic electrolyte system is facing the heat of the battery, it is difficult to block it in time. The development of smart materials provides ideas for solving the problem. This article reviews the smart electrolyte materials of lithium ion batteries in recent years. When facing different abuse conditions, the intelligent response processes and application instances of the electrolytes have been introduced. For example, the thermal response polymer electrolytes can timely block the abnormal heating process through the change between different structures, the phase transformation of the shear thickened electrolyte can effectively respond to the mechanical impact and the addition of REDOX shuttle agent can reduce the risk of thermorunaway in the case of overcharge. Finally, this article also briefly summarizes the intelligence of the remaining components of the lithium ion battery. The study has a certain reference value for improving the safety of lithium ion batteries and the development of intelligent response materials.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, thermal runaway, thermoresponsive polymer electrolyte, shear thickening electrolyte, redox shuttle additives

中图分类号:

TQ 152

欧宇, 侯文会, 刘凯. 锂离子电池中的智能安全电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1772-1787.

OU Yu, HOU Wenhui, LIU Kai. Research progress of smart safety electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1772-1787.

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