基于天然纤维素物质的C/TiO2/CuMoO4 微-纳结构复合纤维材料构筑及其电化学性能

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0146

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池作为目前常见的储能器件，具有能量密度高、功率密度大、价格低廉、绿色环保等特点，已经得到广泛应用。目前发展非石墨基负极材料以提升电池性能的需求日益迫切，钼酸铜由于理论比容量高、还原电位低，是一种极具潜力的负极材料。本研究工作以天然棉花纤维为结构支架和碳源构建了一种具有微-纳结构的C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄复合纤维材料，解决了钼酸铜作为电极材料时导电性差和易粉碎的问题，表现出优异的电化学性能。首先对棉花纤维进行酸碱预处理提高其比表面积；然后通过溶胶-凝胶法在纤维表面沉积超薄二氧化钛层；再利用层层自组装(LbL)技术沉积钼酸铜层；最后在氩气氛围中于500 ℃煅烧6 h得到微-纳结构的C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄复合纤维材料。当用作电极材料时，在100 mA/g的电流密度下，钼酸铜质量分数为22.8%的复合材料首圈放/充电比容量分别为1212 mAh/g和675 mAh/g，库仑效率为55.7%，经过200圈循环后，其比容量为403 mAh/g，保持率为59.7%，具有良好的循环性能和倍率性能。这种微-纳结构提高了复合材料的导电性和稳定性，从而增强了其电化学性能。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 微-纳结构, 负极材料, 钼酸铜, 电化学性能

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied as common energy storage devices owing to their high energy and power densities, low cost, environmental friendliness, etc. The demand for developing nongraphite-based anode materials to improve battery performance is increasingly urgent. CuMoO₄ is a potential anodic material owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction potential. To address the problems of poor electrical conductivity and irreversible structural pulverization when CuMoO₄ is used as an anodic material, micro-nanostructured C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄ fibrous composite was fabricated using natural cotton fibers as the structural scaffold and C source, showing excellent electrochemical performance. The cotton fibers were first pretreated with H₂SO₄ and NaOH to increase the specific surface area, and thereafter, ultrathin TiO₂ layers were deposited on the fiber surfaces using a sol-gel method. The CuMoO₄ layers were further deposited via the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. The micro-nanostructure C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄fibrous composite was obtained via calcination at 500 ℃ in an Ar atmosphere for 6 h. When applied as an anodic material for LIBs, the composite with 22.8% CuMoO₄ delivered initial discharge and charge capacities of 1212 mAh/g and 675 mAh/g, respectively, with a coulomb efficiency of 55.7%; after 200 charge-discharge cycles at 100 mA/g, the specific capacity was 403 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 59.7%, showing good cycle and rate performances. The conductivity and structural stability of the composite are improved owing to its micro-nanostructure, enhancing electrochemical performances.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, micro-nanostructure, anodic material, copper molybdate, electrochemical performance

中图分类号:

O 646

张吉栋, 杨展, 黄建国. 基于天然纤维素物质的C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄ 微-纳结构复合纤维材料构筑及其电化学性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(5): 1616-1624.

Jidong ZHANG, Zhan YANG, Jianguo HUANG. Fabrication and electrochemical performance of micro-nanostructured C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄ fibrous composite based on natural cellulose[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1616-1624.

图/表 11

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材料	R_s/Ω	R_f/Ω	R_ct/Ω
C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄-1	2.5	8.7	50.1
C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄-2	5.3	8.2	64.7
C/CuMoO₄	1.5	26.4	207.3
CuMoO₄	4.5	37.2	346.6

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基于天然纤维素物质的C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄ 微-纳结构复合纤维材料构筑及其电化学性能

Fabrication and electrochemical performance of micro-nanostructured C/TiO₂/CuMoO₄ fibrous composite based on natural cellulose

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