二氧化碳电热储能与液态储能系统热力性能对比分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0842

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二氧化碳电热储能与液态二氧化碳储能技术具有适用范围广、储能密度大等特点，是目前压缩气体储能技术的研究热点，然而，上述系统在储能形式及流程上的差异造成了系统在储能效率、储能密度等方面的不同，目前尚无系统性研究。基于此，本工作阐述了上述系统的能量存储原理及流程构型特点，建立了热力学分析模型，在设定工况下比较了两者性能指标以及不可逆损失分布特性，并进一步探讨了关键参数变化对两种储能系统的性能影响。结果表明，二氧化碳电热储能系统通过将工质的压力势能进一步转化为冷能储存，从而获得了更高的储能密度（7.36 kWh/m³），而液态二氧化碳储能系统通过高压罐将压力势能直接储存，避免了额外的叶轮机械损失，具有更高的循环效率（63.60%）；此外，通过参数研究发现，提高压缩机等熵效率和出口压力对液态二氧化碳储能系统的性能提升更加明显，提高透平等熵效率对二氧化碳电热储能系统的提升更加明显。研究成果将为二氧化碳储能技术路径选择和技术进步提供支撑。

关键词: 二氧化碳电热储能, 液态二氧化碳储能, 热力性能分析

Abstract:

The electrothermal carbon dioxide energy storage and liquid carbon dioxide energy storage systems have the characteristics of a wide application range and high energy storage density; hence, they are research hotspots in the field of compressed gas energy storage technologies. However, the differences in energy storage forms and processes of the above systems result in differences in the energy storage efficiency and energy density of these systems, which have not been systematically studied to date. Consequently, in this study, the energy storage principle and process configuration characteristics of the abovementioned systems are described. Subsequently, a thermodynamic analysis model is established to characterize the performance indexes and irreversible loss distribution characteristics of these systems under the set working conditions. Further, the influence of key parameters on the performance of these systems is discussed. The results show that the electrothermal carbon dioxide energy storage system converts the pressure energy into cold energy of working medium to store it, obtaining a higher energy storage density (7.36 kWh/m³) as compared to that of the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system; additionally, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system directly stores the pressure energy through a high-pressure tank to avoid additional turbomachinery loss, thus showing a higher energy storage efficiency (63.60%) as compared to that of the electrothermal carbon dioxide energy storage system. Additionally, this study shows that increasing the isentropic efficiency and outlet pressure of the compressor significantly improves the performance of the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system. Further, it shows that increasing the isentropic efficiency leads to the improvement of electrothermal carbon dioxide energy storage system. Hence, this study's results provide technical support for carbon dioxide energy storage technology path selection and performance improvement.

Key words: electrothermal carbon dioxide energy storage, liquid carbon dioxide energy storage, thermodynamic analysis

中图分类号:

TK 02

张涛, 刘嘉楷, 戴天乐, 许诚. 二氧化碳电热储能与液态储能系统热力性能对比分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1554-1563.

Tao ZHANG, Jiakai LIU, Tianle DAI, Cheng XU. Comparative analysis of thermal performance of electrothermal energy storage and liquid energy storage based on carbon dioxide[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(5): 1554-1563.

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序号	名称及单位	数值
1	压缩机等熵效率/%	85
2	泵等熵效率/%	85
3	液体膨胀机等熵效率/%	85
4	透平等熵效率/%	88
5	压缩机入口压力/MPa	3.18
6	压缩机出口压力/MPa	25
7	泵入口压力/MPa	3.74
8	泵出口压力/MPa	29.4
9	间冷器/再热器换热端差/℃	5
10	蒸发器/冷凝器换热端差/℃	3
11	储冷温度/℃	0
12	再热器出口工质温度/℃	35

序号	名称及单位	数值
1	压缩机等熵效率/%	85
2	透平等熵效率/%	88
3	压缩机入口压力/MPa	3.18
4	压缩机出口压力/MPa	25
5	节流阀1压降/MPa	0.56
6	节流阀2压降/MPa	2
7	间冷器/再热器换热端差/℃	5
8	蒸发器/冷凝器换热端差/℃	3
9	储冷温度/℃	0
10	再热器出口工质温度/℃	35

关键参数及性能指标名称	系统名称及数值
关键参数及性能指标名称	ET-CES	LCES
压缩机功率/kW	11922.46	11922.46
膨胀机功率/kW	2237.13	—
泵功率/kW	3310.67	—
透平功率/kW	7874.80	7582.94
净输入功率/kW	9685.33	11922.46
净输出功率/kW	4564.13	7582.94
循环效率/%	47.12	63.60
储能密度/(kWh/m³)	7.36	5.28