Na-In/Na2S界面层实现稳定的全固态钠电池

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0405

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (10): 3697-3704.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0405

Na-In/Na₂S界面层实现稳定的全固态钠电池

孙华章¹^,²(), 万红利¹^,², 姚霞银¹^,²()

^1.中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所，浙江宁波 315201
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-04-24 修回日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2025-10-28 发布日期:2025-10-20
通讯作者: 姚霞银 E-mail:sunhuazhang@nimte.ac.cn;yaoxy@nimte.ac.cn
作者简介:孙华章（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为全固态钠电池氧化物固体电解质，E-mail：sunhuazhang@nimte.ac.cn；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52372244);中国科学院青年创新促进会(Y2021080)

Na-In alloy/Na₂S interface layer enables stable all-solid-state sodium batteries

Huazhang SUN¹^,²(), Hongli WAN¹^,², Xiayin YAO¹^,²()

^1.Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, China
^2.Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-04-24 Revised:2025-05-06 Online:2025-10-28 Published:2025-10-20
Contact: Xiayin YAO E-mail:sunhuazhang@nimte.ac.cn;yaoxy@nimte.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全固态钠电池因其潜在的成本优势及安全性，在大规模储能领域极具应用前景。然而，固体电解质与钠金属负极之间高的界面阻抗以及钠枝晶生长风险等问题阻碍了其实际应用。本工作通过磁控溅射在Na_3.4Zr_1.9Zn_0.1Si_2.2P_0.8O₁₂(NZZSPO)固体电解质表面引入In₂S₃界面层，其与钠金属负极反应可在NZZSPO/Na界面处原位形成Na-In合金/Na₂S界面层。该界面层提升了电解质/负极界面的润湿性，并且降低了界面阻抗，有效增强了NZZSPO@In₂S₃固体电解质抑制钠枝晶的能力。结果表明，基于NZZSPO@In₂S₃固体电解质的对称电池在60 ℃下的临界电流密度从2.6 mA/cm²提升至8.2 mA/cm²，且其室温下的临界电流密度也从1.6 mA/cm²提升至2.2 mA/cm²。与此同时，Na|In₂S₃@NZZSPO@In₂S₃|Na对称电池在60 ℃、5 mA/cm²下展现出2000 h的优异循环稳定性；即使在室温条件下，该电池在1.5 mA/cm²下也可稳定运行1500 h。此外，Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃|NZZSPO@ In₂S₃|Na全固态电池在0.1C倍率下初始放电比容量为108.6 mAh/g，库仑效率达到95.4%且循环100次后容量保持率为94.8%；即使将电流提高至1C倍率下，该电池循环1000次后显示出88.8%的容量保持率。本研究通过在NZZSPO/Na界面原位构筑Na-In/Na₂S界面层，显著提升了固体电解质抑制钠枝晶的能力，为开发高性能全固态钠电池提供了新策略。

关键词: 全固态钠电池, 氧化物固体电解质, 硫化铟界面层, 钠金属负极

Abstract:

All-solid-state sodium batteries hold significant promise for large-scale energy storage due to their potential cost-effectiveness and safety. However, their practical application is limited by the high interfacial impedance between the solid electrolytes and sodium metal anode, as well as the risks of sodium dendrite growth. In this study, an In₂S₃ interfacial layer is introduced on the Na_3.4Zr_1.9Zn_0.1Si_2.2P_0.8O₁₂(NZZSPO) solid electrolyte via magnetron sputtering. This layer reacts in situ with the sodium metal anode to form a Na–In alloy/Na₂S interlayer at the NZZSPO/Na interface. The Na-In alloy/Na₂S interlayer improves the wettability at the solid electrolyte-anode interface, reduces the interfacial impedance, and significantly enhances the ability of the NZZSPO@In₂S₃ solid electrolyte to suppress sodium dendrite formation. The experimental results show that the critical current density of a symmetric battery based on the NZZSPO@In₂S₃ solid electrolyte is enhanced significantly, increasing from 2.6 to 8.2 mA/cm² at 60 ℃ and from 1.6 to 2.2 mA/cm² at room temperature. Moreover, the Na|In₂S₃@NZZSPO@In₂S₃|Na symmetric battery exhibited excellent cycling stability for 2000 h at 60 ℃ and 5 mA/cm². Even at room temperature, the battery can also operate stably at 1.5 mA/cm² for 1500 h. Additionally, the Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃|NZZSPO@In₂S₃|Na all-solid-state battery delivers an initial discharge capacity of 108.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C with a Coulombic efficiency of 95.4% and capacity retention of 94.8% after 100 cycles. Even at a higher current density of 1 C, the battery still demonstrates a capacity retention of 88.8% after 1000 cycles. This study provides an in situ approach for constructing a Na-In/Na₂S interlayer at the NZZSPO/Na interface, significantly enhancing the ability of the solid electrolyte to suppress sodium dendrite growth and offering a promising strategy for developing high-performance all-solid-state sodium batteries.

Key words: all-solid-state sodium battery, oxide solid electrolyte, In₂S₃ interface layer, sodium metal anode

中图分类号:

TM 912

孙华章, 万红利, 姚霞银. Na-In/Na₂S界面层实现稳定的全固态钠电池[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(10): 3697-3704.

Huazhang SUN, Hongli WAN, Xiayin YAO. Na-In alloy/Na₂S interface layer enables stable all-solid-state sodium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3697-3704.

图/表 7

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Na-In/Na₂S界面层实现稳定的全固态钠电池

Na-In alloy/Na₂S interface layer enables stable all-solid-state sodium batteries

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