固体氧化物燃料电池支撑体研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)可以直接将燃料的化学能转换为电能，具有环保无污染、发电效率高、燃料适应性广等独特优势，被认为是高效的绿色燃料电池技术。支撑体作为SOFC的核心组成部件，对于电池的机械强度、组装工艺和电化学性能起着至关重要的作用。本文通过对近期相关文献的探讨，按照支撑体的主体结构分类，主要介绍了电解质支撑体、电极支撑体(阳极支撑体和阴极支撑体)和金属支撑体的材料组成、作用特点及制备方法，重点综述了不同结构的支撑体的研究现状，详细分析了影响支撑体材料选择和电池性能的关键因素。结合已有的研究报道，明确指出了提高电解质支撑体的强度和减薄电解质支撑体的厚度、稳定阳极支撑体的结构和抑制阳极支撑体的积碳、降低阴极支撑体的浓差极化、增加金属支撑体的抗氧化性和改善金属支撑体的适配性、同步开发与各支撑体结构相匹配的SOFC关键材料是当前及未来的研究重点，也是实现SOFC低温化、低成本和长期稳定运行的关键。本文为SOFC的进一步发展提供了借鉴和参考。

关键词: 固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC), 支撑体结构, 电池性能

Abstract:

solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are highly efficient, all-solid-state electrochemical energy-conversion devices that can directly transform the chemical energy of fuel into electricity. SOFCs are one of the most advanced green fuel cell technologies owing to their unique advantages, such as environmental friendliness, high power-generating efficiency, and wide fuel adaptability. The stable operation of SOFCs depends on their structural design and assembly, with the structure serving as the core structure that determines the mechanical strength, assembly process, and electrochemical performance. This study reviewed recent related literature on SOFC support structures, categorizing them into three main types: electrolyte, electrode (anode and cathode), and metal supports. The material composition, function characteristics as well as preparation methods of the three supports were examined. The research status of the three supports is summarized below. In addition, the important factors affecting the selection of support materials and battery performance were analyzed from different perspectives. Along with the existing research reports, this study proposes optimization strategies to improve existing support structures. The major challenges and complexity in the functional section of SOFC support include: (i) improving the mechanical strength while reducing the thickness of the electrolyte support, (ii) maintaining the structure stability and inhibiting carbon deposition of the anode support, (iii) reducing the concentration polarization of the cathode support, (iv) improving the oxidation resistance and adaptability of the metal support. Furthermore, developing novel SOFC materials that match the structure of each support is the focus of current and future research, as well as the realization of SOFCs with low temperature, low cost, and long-term durability. This article provides a comprehensive review with respect to the material, property, preparation, underlying mechanisms, and performance of SOFC support, and provides future directions for SOFC development.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), support structure, battery performance

中图分类号:

TM 911.4

王亚丽, 李晓艳, 孙航宇, 付云枫, 刘召波, 杜国山, 刘君, 陈宋璇, 胡蒙蒙. 固体氧化物燃料电池支撑体研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2590-2601.

Yali WANG, Xiaoyan LI, Hangyu SUN, Yunfeng FU, Zhaobo LIU, Guoshan DU, Jun LIU, Songxuan CHEN, Mengmeng HU. Research progress of supports for solid oxide fuel cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2590-2601.

图/表 6

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