国内外独立储能参与电力市场交易机制研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0489

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7): 2602-2616.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0489

• 第十三届储能国际峰会暨展览会专辑 • 上一篇下一篇

国内外独立储能参与电力市场交易机制研究

靳慧龙¹, 刘宏扬², 康赫然², 陈杰², 张天闻², 岳芬³, 李晨飞⁴()

^1.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司
^2.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司经济技术研究院，内蒙古
^1.呼和浩特 010000，中关村储能产业技术联盟，北京 100190
^2.呼和浩特 010000，中储能(北京)咨询服务有限公司，北京 100190

收稿日期:2025-05-23 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者: 李晨飞 E-mail:fei11120@126.com
作者简介:靳慧龙（1985—），男，硕士，从事电力、储能创新与规划方面的研究；

Research on the mechanism of independent energy storage participating in electricity market trading in China and abroad

Huilong JIN¹, Hongyang LIU², Heran KANG², Jie CHEN², Tianwen ZHANG², Fen YUE³, Chenfei LI⁴()

^1.State Grid Inner Mongolia Eastern Power Co. , Ltd. , Ltd. , Economic and Technical Research Institute, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
^2.State Grid Inner Mongolia Eastern Power Co. , Ltd. , Economic and Technical Research Institute, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
^3.China Energy Storage Alliance, Ltd, Beijing 100190, China
^4.China Energy Storage (Beijing) Consulting Services Co. , Ltd, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2025-05-23 Revised:2025-06-23 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2025-07-11
Contact: Chenfei LI E-mail:fei11120@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新型电力系统建设推进，独立储能的重要性日益凸显，但其参与国内电力市场机制尚不完善，影响投资积极性。通过对比国际经验，为国内独立储能市场化发展提供路径参考，有助于推动独立储能健康可持续发展。本文首先介绍了美国、英国和澳大利亚独立储能在参与现货市场、辅助服务市场、容量市场等方面的市场机制，总结国外成熟市场通过设计多维度市场机制、设置较高现货市场价格上限、构建稳定容量市场收益等方式充分释放储能价值的经验；其次，总结了中国独立储能在参与现货能量市场、辅助服务市场、容量市场等方面的发展现状，分析国内现货能量市场价格上限偏低、辅助服务品种单一、容量补偿机制尚未市场化等方面的不足；最后，通过对比国内外独立储能参与电力市场的差异，给出对我国独立储能参与电力市场交易机制方面的启示，提出我国应在丰富独立储能参与的市场类型、优化现货市场价格机制、合理疏导独立储能成本、加强市场监管与风险防控等方面的优化建议。

关键词: 独立储能, 电力市场, 交易机制

Abstract:

With the advancement of the new power system construction, the importance of independent energy storage has become increasingly prominent. However, the imperfect mechanism for its participation in the electricity market in China has affected investment enthusiasm. By comparing international experiences, providing a path reference for the market-oriented development of independent energy storage in China can help promote the healthy and sustainable development of independent energy storage. This paper first introduces the market mechanisms for independent energy storage in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia in participating in spot markets, ancillary service markets, and capacity markets. It summarizes the experience of mature foreign markets in fully unleashing the value of energy storage through multi-dimensional market mechanism design, higher price caps in spot markets, and stable capacity market revenues. Secondly, the development status of China's independent energy storage in participating in the spot market, auxiliary service market, capacity market, etc. was summarized, and the shortcomings of the domestic spot market in terms of low price ceiling, single auxiliary service variety, and undeveloped capacity compensation mechanism were analyzed. Finally, by comparing the differences in the participation of independent energy storage in electricity markets between China and foreign countries, this paper draws insights for China's trading mechanisms for independent energy storage in electricity markets, and proposes that China should improve and optimize in terms of enriching the market types for independent energy storage participation, optimizing the price mechanism of spot markets, reasonably channeling the costs of independent energy storage, and strengthening market supervision and risk prevention.

Key words: independent energy storage, electricity market, trading mechanism

中图分类号:

TK 02

靳慧龙, 刘宏扬, 康赫然, 陈杰, 张天闻, 岳芬, 李晨飞. 国内外独立储能参与电力市场交易机制研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2602-2616.

Huilong JIN, Hongyang LIU, Heran KANG, Jie CHEN, Tianwen ZHANG, Fen YUE, Chenfei LI. Research on the mechanism of independent energy storage participating in electricity market trading in China and abroad[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2602-2616.

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调频种类	准入门槛	响应时间	持续时间	服务阶段	应用场景
SFFR	1 MW	30秒内	30分钟	故障后	高频和低频
DC	1 MW	启动时间0.5秒，满发时间1秒	15分钟	故障后	高频和低频
DM	1 MW	启动时间0.5秒，满发时间1秒	30分钟	故障前	高频和低频
DR	1 MW	启动时间2秒，满发时间10秒	60分钟	故障前	仅低频

调频种类	服务介绍
调节调频-上调	用于纠正频率的微小下降。
调节调频-下调	用于纠正频率的微小上升。
应急调频-极快速上调	应急事件发生后1秒内响应，抑制频率的大幅下降。
应急调频-极快速下调	应急事件发生后1秒内响应，抑制频率的大幅上升。
应急调频-快速上调	应急事件发生后6秒内响应，抑制频率的大幅下降。
应急调频-快速下调	应急事件发生后6秒内响应，抑制频率的大幅上升。
应急调频-缓慢上调	在频率大幅下降后，60秒内响应以稳定频率。
应急调频-缓慢下调	在频率大幅上升后，60秒内响应以稳定频率。
应急调频-延迟上调	在频率大幅下降后，5分钟内响应，将频率恢复到正常运行区间。
应急调频-延迟下调	在频率大幅上升后，5分钟内响应，将频率恢复到正常运行区间。

技术类型	2027/2028	2028/2029	2029/2030	2030/2031	2031/2032	2032/2033	2033/2034	2034/2035
陆上风电	33%	28%	25%	23%	21%	19%	17%	15%
海上风电	56%	47%	44%	38%	37%	33%	27%	20%
固定式光伏	6%	5%	5%	4%	4%	4%	4%	3%
跟踪式光伏	8%	7%	7%	6%	5%	5%	5%	4%
间歇式水电	40%	37%	37%	37%	37%	39%	38%	38%
4小时储能	52%	55%	51%	49%	42%	42%	40%	38%
6小时储能	61%	65%	61%	61%	54%	54%	53%	52%
8小时储能	64%	67%	64%	65%	60%	60%	60%	60%
10小时储能	73%	75%	72%	73%	68%	69%	70%	70%
需求侧资源	66%	65%	63%	60%	56%	55%	53%	51%
核能	95%	95%	96%	95%	96%	96%	94%	93%
煤电	84%	84%	85%	85%	86%	86%	83%	79%
联合循环燃气轮机	80%	81%	83%	83%	85%	85%	84%	82%
燃气轮机	63%	66%	68%	70%	71%	74%	76%	78%
双燃料燃气轮机	79%	80%	80%	81%	82%	83%	83%	83%
公共事业柴油发电	92%	92%	92%	92%	93%	93%	93%	92%
蒸汽轮机	73%	74%	75%	74%	75%	76%	74%	73%

技术类型	T-1折算系数/%	T-4折算系数/%	技术类型	T-1折算系数/%	T-4折算系数/%
燃油蒸汽发电	93.49	93.49	储能0.5 h	6.82	5.3
开放式循环燃气轮机	93.49	93.49	储能1 h	13.64	10.47
往复式内燃机	93.49	93.49	储能2 h	27.15	20.94
核电	75.44	75.44	储能3 h	40.79	31.27
水电	91	91	储能4 h	54.17	41.74
联合循环燃气轮机	90.95	90.95	储能5 h	65.1	52.34
热电联产	90.95	90.95	储能6 h	74.63	62.67
生物质能	88.03	88.03	储能7 h	84.02	73.14
废物利用能源	88.03	88.03	储能8 h	92.99	83.47
负荷需求响应	79.87	79.87	储能≥9 h	92.99	92.99

省份	参与市场类别	补偿方式	补偿规则	补偿分摊
甘肃	调峰容量市场	按额定容量；优先调用	补偿费用=容量×价格[300元/(MW⋅日)]×充电时长。	调峰能力未降至额定容量50%以下的火电机组或者未中标调峰容量市场交易的火电机组、新能源场站、水电厂、市场化电力用户之间进行分摊。
江苏	顶峰辅助服务	按上网电量	2023-2024年0.5元/千瓦时，2025年至2026年1月0.3元/千瓦时。	从尖峰电价资金中列支。
新疆	调峰辅助服务(征求意见)	按充电量	竞价上限0.55元/千瓦时；剩余充电能力强制调用，0.35元/千瓦时。	风电、光伏发电项目、出力未达到有偿调峰基准的公用火电机组和发电上网的自备电厂。
华东区域	区域电力调峰辅助服务	按充电量	费用结算=中标电量×出清电价；边际出清。	买方电网企业负责与相关发电企业、新型储能结算购买调峰辅助服务分摊费用。

国内外独立储能参与电力市场交易机制研究

Research on the mechanism of independent energy storage participating in electricity market trading in China and abroad

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