非水氧化还原液流电池研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0237

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氧化还原液流电池是一类新兴的电化学储能技术，具备安全性好、寿命长、功率和容量解耦、效率高等特点，适用于可再生能源消纳、电力辅助服务、输配电、分布式发电和用户侧等应用场景。主流的水系液流电池具备较好的安全性，但是能量密度普遍低于50 W·h/L，发展非水液流电池有利于打破水溶剂电化学窗口的限制，提高活性物质的电压和有效含量，目前成为国内外广泛关注的热点。本文对近几年非水液流电池的研究进展进行了介绍。根据电池活性物质种类的不同，综述了非水金属配合物体系、非水有机体系、非水聚合物体系和非水金属锂/有机混合体系的研究工作，并简要阐释了每类非水体系的优势和存在的挑战。目前，一些非水液流电池的开路电压超过3 V，理论能量密度高于200 W·h/L，具备了显著的高能量密度的优势，有望做为动力电池使用，将液流电池的应用拓展到电动车领域，实现液流电池应用领域拓展和动力电池技术路线选择范围增加的双突破。

关键词: 液流电池, 金属配合物活性物质, 有机活性物质, 能量密度

Abstract:

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising large-scale energy storage devices with high safety, long cycling life, decoupled power and energy, and high efficiency. RFBs are applied to the reduction of renewable curtailment, auxiliary service, transmission and distribution, distributed energy sources, and user side. Most traditional RFBs that are based on water have optimum safety; however, their energy density is lower than 50 W·h/L because of the narrow electrochemical window of water, which limits the application of RFBs. Non-aqueous RFBs enable higher cell voltage and higher concentration of active species, and it has become a hot topic in the flow battery research area. In this study, the progress of non-aqueous RFBs in recent years is briefly reviewed. On the basis of the active materials used, the non-aqueous flow batteries are divided into non-aqueous metal complex RFBs, organic RFBs, polymer RFBs, and lithium/organic hybrid RFBs. The advantages and challenges of each type of non-aqueous system are briefly described. Recently, some non-aqueous RFBs have exhibited an open circuit voltage of 3 V and the theoretical energy density over 200 W·h/L. These results show the advantage of high energy density, which allows RFBs to be applied as power batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). Here RFBs may provide a dual advantage: the flow battery application scenarios can be considerably changed and technical routes for EV can be considerably enriched.

Key words: redox flow battery, metal complex active material, organic active material, energy density

中图分类号:

TM 911

邢学奇, 刘庆华. 非水氧化还原液流电池研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(2): 617-625.

XING Xueqi, LIU Qinghua, LEMMON John. Recent progresses in non-aqueous redox flow batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 617-625.

图/表 6

参考文献 42

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