十二烷微乳液冰浆制备与性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0351

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冰浆是一种传热性能良好的蓄冷剂和载冷剂。为了研究微乳液冰浆制备的特性，以十二烷为油相，己醇作为助表面活性剂，油酸钾、油酸钠和十二烷基硫酸铵及其混合物作为表面活性剂，制备了水包油(O/W)和油包水(W/O)型微乳液。采用了离心测试、粒径测试、电导率测试和导热率测试等方法对微乳液的性质和结构进行了表征与分析。采用恒温空气浴冷却结晶的方法进行了微乳液冰浆制备实验，根据过冷度与相变温度确定了微乳液冰浆最佳制备体系，并对该体系微乳液冰浆的生长过程进行了研究。研究结果表明，随着微乳液中油相比例的增加，形成稳定微乳液的表面活性剂的亲油性也随着增加。微乳液的油水比与己醇浓度影响冰浆过冷度和相变温度，油水比为1：9的O/W型微乳液制备冰浆的效果较好，过冷度不超过0.3 ℃，相变温度约为-0.1 ℃。利用冷热循环对微乳液及其冰浆制备过程的稳定性进行了验证，微乳液经历500次-5～25 ℃冷热循环后未发现分层现象，说明微乳液的稳定性良好，微乳液冰浆制备重复性好，可长期用于冰浆的制备。

关键词: 微乳液, 表面活性剂, 过冷度, 相变温度, 热循环, 稳定性

Abstract:

Ice slurry is a kind of cold storage medium and secondary refrigerant with good heat transfer performance. Microemulsions of oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) are prepared to study ice slurry preparation using microemulsion. We used dodecane as the oil phase, hexanol as the cosurfactant, potassium oleate, sodium oleate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, and their mixtures as surfactants. We analyzed the properties and structures of the microemulsion through centrifugal, particle size, conductivity, and thermal conductivity tests. The optimum preparation system of the microemulsion ice slurry is determined according to the subcooling degree and phase change temperature, and its growth process is described. The experimental results show that the surfactant's lipophilicity to form stable microemulsions increases with the increase in the mass ratio of oil and water. The oil–water mass ratio and hexanol concentration of the microemulsion affect the supercooling degree and phase transition temperature of the ice slurry. O/W microemulsion with an oil–water mass ratio of 1:9 has a good performance for preparing ice slurry. Its subcooling degree is not more than 0.3 ℃, and the phase transition temperature is about -0.1 ℃. The stability of the microemulsion and its ice slurry preparation was verified by thermal cycling. After 500 thermal cycles between -5 ℃ and 25 ℃, no stratification is found, indicating that the microemulsion has good stability. The microemulsion may be used to prepare ice slurry for a long time.

Key words: microemulsion, surfactant, degree of supercooling, phase-transition temperature, thermal cycle, stability

中图分类号:

TB 61

朱先伟, 孙志高. 十二烷微乳液冰浆制备与性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 506-513.

Xianwei ZHU, Zhigao SUN. Preparation and properties of dodecane microemulsion ice slurry[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 506-513.

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材料	纯度	生产厂家
十二烷	分析纯	广东翁江化学试剂有限公司
油酸钾	化学纯	国药集团试剂有限公司
油酸钠	化学纯	国药集团试剂有限公司
十二烷基硫酸铵	分析纯	成都艾科达化学试剂有限公司提供
己醇	分析纯	天津百伦斯生物技术有限公司
蒸馏水	—	实验室自制

油水比	HLB值	己醇浓度/%	表面活性剂构成
1:9	24	3.17	油酸钾+ 十二烷基硫酸铵
	25	3.08
	26	3.68
	27	3.59
	28	4.01
	29	4.18
	30	4.60
	31	5.58	十二烷基硫酸铵
2:8	21	4.51	油酸钾+ 十二烷基硫酸铵
	22	5.01
	23	4.76
	24	4.68
	25	5.01
	26	5.34
3:7	18	11.86	油酸钠
	19	13.45	油酸钾+油酸钠
	20	16.09	油酸钾

油水比	电导率/μs·cm^-1	平均电导率/μs·cm^-1
1：9	9310	9810
	10060
	10060
2：8	10040	9787
	9780
	9540
3：7	1.3	1.69
	1.35
	2.42

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