绝热压缩空气储能系统冷热电联供与负荷匹配特性

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0233

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

调控绝热压缩空气储能系统(adiabatic compressed air energy storage system，A-CAES)的冷热电产出以匹配供应对象随季节不断变化的负荷，对绝热压缩空气储能系统的实际应用具有重要促进作用。本文构建了绝热压缩空气储能系统的仿真模型，模拟系统充释能过程以探究系统的冷热电输出特性；分析了一个典型生活小区在不同季节的冷热电负荷变化；并将系统冷热电产出与小区住户冷热电需求负荷进行匹配，得到二者之间的匹配性能；最后通过经济性分析对比了常规供能小区与由A-CAES系统提供冷热电的新型小区的供能成本。模拟结果表明：住户冷热量负荷在不同季节差异明显，而电力负荷差异较小。冷冻水流量对冷热电量产出影响较小，应取最低值以提高冷水品质。释能阶段膨胀机前预热热水流量可大幅改变冷热电输出。通过匹配系统冷热电产出特性与小区负荷可得到夏季、春秋季和冬季的最佳预热热水流量为3.9、3.9和1.6 kg/s，夏季采用较高的热水流量使产电量最大化为宜。经济性分析发现由A-CAES系统供能的小区比常规供能小区年供能成本降低了23.1%，年供能成本节省156万元，结合设备成本可得该系统静态投资回收期为15.6年。

关键词: 绝热压缩空气储能系统, 变负荷, 冷热电三联产

Abstract:

Adjusting trigeneration of adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (A-CAES) to match the variable loads of the supply objects in different seasons can greatly promote the practical application of A-CAES system. In this paper, the simulation model of A-CAES system was developed. The charging and discharging period of system were simulated to investigate the characteristics of system trigeneration. The cooling, heating and electric load of a typical residential area in different seasons was analyzed. Then the load of residential area and trigeneration of system was matched to find the matching performance between them. Finally, through economic analysis the energy cost of a traditional residential area and a new residential area whose energy is supplied by A-CASE system was compared. The simulation results show that the cooling and heating load of households varies greatly in different seasons, but the difference of electric load is small. The mass flow rate of chilled water has little effect on the cooling, heating and electric output, so the minimum value is suggested to improve the quality of chilled water. The mass flow rate of preheating hot water in the discharging period can greatly change cooling, heating and electric output of system. By matching system trigeneration characteristics and residential load, optimum heating hot water flow for summer, spring and autumn, and winter was selected as 3.9 kg/s, 3.9 kg/s and 1.6 kg/s. It is advisable to use higher hot water flow rate to maximize electricity production in summer. The economic analysis found that the annual energy supply cost of the residential area whose energy is supplied by A-CAES system is 23.1% lower than that of the conventional residential area. The annual energy supply cost of residential area decreases 1.56 million CNY. Combined with the equipment cost, the static investment payback period of the system was calculated as 15.6 years.

Key words: adiabatic compressed air energy storage system, variable load, trigeneration

中图分类号:

TK 02

夏琦, 何阳, 徐玉杰, 陈海生, 邓建强. 绝热压缩空气储能系统冷热电联供与负荷匹配特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1494-1502.

Qi XIA, Yang HE, Yujie XU, Haisheng CHEN, Jianqiang DENG. Matching performance between the trigeneration of an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and load[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1494-1502.

图/表 13

图1

表1

表2

表3

系统设备费用计算式"

设备名	费用计算式/美元
压缩机	$I C c = 71.1 × m a, i n 0.92 - η c, 0 × π c × l n π c$
膨胀机	$I C e = 6000 × W e, 0 / 1000 0.7$
换热器	$I C h x = 130 × A h x / 0.093 0.78$
储罐	$I C p = 4042 V s t 0.506$
其他费用	$I C b = 0.2 × I C e q p$

表3

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表4

表5

参考文献 17

1	肖定垚, 王承民, 衣涛, 等. 压缩空气蓄能(CAES)系统综述[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2014, 30(1): 75-80.XIAO D Y, WANG C M, YI T, et al. Review of compressed air energy storage system[J]. Advances of Power System & Hydroelectric Engineering, 2014, 30(1): 75-80.
2	张新敬, 陈海生, 刘金超, 等. 压缩空气储能技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2012, 1(1): 26-40.ZHANG X J, CHEN H S, LIU J C, et al. Research progress in compressed air energy storage system: A review[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2012, 1(1): 26-40.
3	刘明义, 朱勇, 曹传钊, 等. 压缩空气储能系统性能分析研究[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2019, 38(9): 67-72.LIU M Y, ZHU Y, CAO C Z, et al. Performance analysis of compressed air energy storage system[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2019, 38(9): 67-72.
4	韩中合, 郭森闯.工质和运行方式对压气储能系统的影响研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2020, 41(11): 11-16.HAN Z H, GUO S C. Investigation of influence of working medium and operation mode on compressed gas energy storage system[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2020, 41(11):11-16.
5	何青, 付海伦, 康浩强. 新型变压比先进绝热压缩空气储能系统及其热力学分析[J]. 热力发电, 2020, 49(8): 36-42.HE Q, FU H L, KANG H Q. Thermodynamic analysis of novel advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with variable pressure ratio[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2020, 49(8): 36-42.
6	刘嘉豪, 王星, 张雪辉, 等. 压缩空气储能系统膨胀机调节级配气特性数值研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(2): 425-434.LIU J H, WANG X, ZHANG X H, et al. Numerical study on the air distribution characteristics of the turbine regulating stage in a compressed air energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 425-434.
7	张远, 杨科, 李雪梅, 等. 基于先进绝热压缩空气储能的冷热电联产系统[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2013, 34(11): 1991-1996.ZHANG Y, YANG K, LI X M, et al. A combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) technology[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013, 34(11):1991-1996.
8	LIU J L, WANG J H. A comparative research of two adiabatic compressed air energy storage systems[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 108: 566-578.
9	宋权斌, 王健为, 潘思良, 等. 耦合压缩空气储能的冷热电联供系统[J]. 长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 16(1): 93-101.SONG Q B, WANG J W, PAN S L, et al. Combined cooling, heating and power system with coupled compressed air storage[J]. Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2019, 16(1): 93-101.
10	WANG W, CAI R X, ZHANG N. General characteristics of single shaft microturbine set at variable speed operation and its optimization[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2003, 24(13):1851-1863.
11	HE Y, ZHOU S H, XU Y J, et al. The influence of charging process on trigenerative performance of compressed air energy storage system[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2020, doi: 10.1002/er.5366.
12	张铁峰, 李谦, 左丽莉. 考虑替代能源的居民用户用电优化研究[J]. 电力科学与工程, 2020, 36(1): 25-34.ZHANG T F, LI Q, ZUO L L. Research on energy consumption optimization of residential users considering alternative energy[J]. Electric Power Science and Engineering, 2020, 36(1): 25-34.
13	王连国. 山东某居民小区煤改电蓄热锅炉实践[J]. 节能, 2017, 36(6): 57-59.WANG L G. Practice of changing coal to electric regenerative boiler in a residential district in Shandong province[J]. Energy Conservation, 2017, 36(6): 57-59.
14	朱仁洪, 何凤军. 某住宅小区区域供冷冷负荷分析[J]. 制冷空调与电力机械, 2010, 31(5): 60-63.ZHU R H, HE F J. Cooling load analysis of district cooling for a residence[J]. Refrigeration Air Conditioning & Electric Power Machinery, 2010, 31(5): 60-63.
15	ZHANG N, CAI R X. Analytical solutions and typical characteristics of part-load performances of single shaft gas turbine and its cogeneration[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43(9/10/11/12): 1323-1337.
16	胡俊强, 姜福长. 分布式能源与中小型锅炉供热成本研究与对比分析[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2014(15): 42.HU J Q, JIANG F C. Research and comparative analysis of distributed energy and heating cost of small and medium-sized boilers[J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2014(15): 42.
17	刘畅, 徐玉杰, 胡珊, 等. 压缩空气储能电站技术经济性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2015, 4(2): 158-168.LIU C, XU Y J, HU S, et al. Techno-economic analysis of compressed air energy storage power plant[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2015, 4(2): 158-168.

运行参数	值
环境压力/MPa	0.101325
环境温度/K	300
气体储罐体积/m³	5000
储罐最高压力/MPa	10
储罐最低压力/MPa	4.58768
换热器压降/MPa	0.02
储罐和环境的传热系数/(W·m^-2·K^-1)	50
热能储存介质的压力/MPa	4
压缩阶段吸热水质量流量/(kg·s^-1)	3
膨胀阶段预热水质量流量/(kg·s^-1)	1.6～4.14
膨胀阶段吸冷水质量流量/(kg·s^-1)	2.5
压缩机额定等熵效率	0.85
压缩机额定气体质量流量/(kg·s^-1)	10
压缩机额定压比	3.15
膨胀机额定等熵效率	0.88
膨胀机额定气体质量流量/(kg·s^-1)	10
膨胀机额定膨胀比	3.18
膨胀机前节流压力/MPa	3.276
热水循环蓄热温度/K	416
冷水循环蓄冷温度/K	278
充能时长/h	8
释能时长/h	7.2～7.7
压缩机组功率/MW	5.64
膨胀机组功率/MW	2.96～3.15

成本类型	季节	传统小区	新型小区	新型小区成本节省比例/%
电量成本/万元	冬季	1.59	1.44	9.4
	春秋季	1.59	1.2	24.5
	夏季	1.59	1.44(1.20)	9.4(24.5)
热量成本/万元	冬季	0.528	0.215	59
	春秋季	0.0274	0	100
	夏季	0.0274	0	100
冷量成本/万元	夏季	0.43	0.33(0.43)	23.8(0)
单日总成本/万元	冬季	2.12	1.66	21.7
	春秋季	1.62	1.2	25.8
	夏季	2.05	1.77(1.63)	13.3(20.4）
全年总成本/万元	—	675	533(519)	21.1(23.1)

设备名	成本/百万元
压缩机	0.964
膨胀机	14.67
储罐	2.84
换热器	1.8
其他费用	4.05
全套系统	24.3

[1]	姚祯, 张琦, 王锐, 刘庆华, 王保国, 缪平. 生物质衍生碳材料在全钒液流电池电极方面的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2083-2091.
[2]	冯国会, 王天雨, 王刚. 封装方式对相变水箱蓄放热性能影响模拟分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2161-2176.
[3]	李仲博, 汉京晓, 王成成, 杨慧, 杨娜, 尹少武, 王立, 童莉葛, 唐志伟, 丁玉龙. 热化学反应器放热过程模拟及参数影响规律[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2133-2140.
[4]	李洪涛, 张帅, 李旭东, 纪运广, 孙明旭, 李欣. 单罐式储能换热系统在热风无纺布工艺中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2250-2257.
[5]	叶文兰, 赵明, 胡明禹, 田扬. 管束式相变蓄热器的蓄放热性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2151-2160.
[6]	刘立君, 宁雅倩, 李晓庆, 刘晓燕. 偏心分形翅片管相变储热单元性能强化模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, (): 1-9.
[7]	张弘, 张阳, 赵耀, 王久林. 固固转化反应硫正极的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1919-1933.
[8]	周伟东, 黄秋, 谢晓新, 陈科君, 李薇, 邱介山. 固态锂电池聚合物电解质研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1788-1805.
[9]	冯锦新, 凌子夜, 方晓明, 张正国. 相变乳液的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1968-1979.
[10]	蒋铖一, 钟尊睿, 吴自德, 彭浩. C₈H₁₈～C₁₁H₂₄ 混合烷烃体系相变材料的热力学性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1957-1967.
[11]	吴小凌, 周涛, 刘钰照, 杜艳平, 陈会平, 李顺. 基于空气紊流的中空底孔微柱阵列设计及强化散热数值研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1980-1987.
[12]	吴玉庭, 寇真峰, 张灿灿, 吴伊洋. 列管式固体氯化钠蓄冷换热器动态分布参数分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1988-1995.
[13]	王灿, 马盼, 祝国梁, 魏水淼, 杨植禄, 张志宇. 丙烯酸锂包覆天然石墨对其电化学性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1706-1714.
[14]	郝佳豪, 越云凯, 张家俊, 杨俊玲, 李晓琼, 宋衍昌, 张振涛. 二氧化碳储能技术研究现状与发展前景[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, (): 1-10.
[15]	杨娜, 王成成, 杨慧, 胡志昊, 童莉葛, 李仲博, 王立, 丁玉龙, 李娜. 基于热化学反应的硅胶非等温动力学计算及储热性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1331-1338.