量子点及其复合材料作为碱金属离子电池负极的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0254

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

负极材料作为碱金属离子电池的重要组成部分，对电池的性能有着巨大的影响。传统的负极材料如石墨，由于比容量低很难满足未来对储能的需求。因此，寻找具有高比容量、优异的循环性能和稳定性能的负极材料至关重要。量子点因细小的尺寸和超高的比表面积被广泛用于与负极基体材料复合，由量子点修饰的复合负极材料在碱金属离子电池中表现出优异的电化学性能。然而，目前对量子点及其复合材料用于碱金属离子电池负极的研究缺乏综述和展望。本文从金属氧化物量子点、金属硫化物量子点、金属氮化物量子点、碳量子点、单质类量子点以及其他类型量子点这6个方面对应用于碱金属离子电池负极的量子点进行综述，重点分析了各类量子点修饰的复合材料的作用机理和电化学性能。综合分析表明，量子点复合负极材料能有效缩短碱金属离子的扩散路径，提供更丰富的活性位点以及具有更高的循环稳定性，有望成为碱金属离子电池最具前途的负极材料。此外，本文总结了量子点复合负极材料存在的问题，并对未来量子点及其复合材料在电池领域的发展前景作了展望：①优化量子点合成路径；②明确量子点作用机理；③减少副反应消耗；④选用更合适的基体材料。

关键词: 碱金属离子电池, 量子点, 负极, 复合材料, 电化学性能

Abstract:

As an important component of alkali metal ion batteries, the anode has a huge impact on the performance of the batteries. Traditional anode such as graphene are difficult to meet the future demand for energy storage due to their low specific capacity. Therefore, it is crucial to find anode materials with high specific capacity, excellent cycling performance and stability performance. Quantum dots are widely used for compositing with anode due to their fine size and huge specific surface areas. This anode composite with quantum dot structure shows excellent electrochemical performance in alkali metal ion batteries. However, there is a lack of review and outlook on the research of quantum dots and their composites for the anode of alkali metal ion batteries. In this paper, six aspects of quantum dots, namely, metal oxide quantum dots, metal sulfide quantum dots, metal nitride quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, monolithic quantum dots and other types of quantum dots for alkali metal ion batteries are reviewed. They are focused on the mechanism of action and electrochemical properties of various types of quantum dots for composite materials. Quantum dot composite anode materials can effectively shorten the diffusion path of alkali metal ions, provide more active sites and have higher cycle stability, and are expected to become the most promising anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries. Besides, this paper analyze the problems of quantum dot anode composites, and also make an outlook on the future development of quantum dots and their composites in the field of batteries: ① Optimize quantum dots synthesis path; ② Clarify the mechanism of action of quantum dots; ③ Reduce side effect; ④ Select more suitable host materials.

Key words: alkali metal ion batteries, quantum dots, anode, composite materials, electrochemical performance

中图分类号:

TM 911

周俊龙, 赵鲁康, 刘朝孟, 高宣雯, 骆文彬. 量子点及其复合材料作为碱金属离子电池负极的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(5): 1392-1408.

Junlong ZHOU, Lukang ZHAO, Zhaomeng LIU, Xuanwen GAO, Wenbin LUO. Advances in the research of quantum dots anode for alkali metal ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1392-1408.

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Electrode material	Initial charge/discharge capacity /(mAh/g)	Current density (mA/g)	Cycle numbers	Capacity /(mAh/g)	Application	Refs
Metal oxide QDs
MQDC-SnO₂/RGO	960/1620	1000	1000	505	LIB	30
ZnO/RGO	766/1027	1000	700	668	LIB	36
NP CoO_x QDs/C	1253/2041	1000	900	1246	LIB	39
Ga₂O₃-QD@NC	993/1580	1000	300	460	LIB	40
Fe₃O₄@C	1204.3/1226.8	2000	800	601	LIB	42
rGO QDs-MnO	1669/3168	3000	200	603	LIB	43
NOH	1232.1/1921.67	2000	200	409	LIB	44
Metal sulfide QDs
SnS QDs@NC	489/300	1000	500	172	SIB	49
MoS₂@SnS-QDs/CNN	1416/1054	2000	1000	713	LIB	50
ZnS-QDs@mNC	1243/887	840	300	506	LIB	51
WS₂-PCNF	—	2000	1000	470.6	LIB	52
CoS _x @NSC	658/696	200	100	414	SIB	53
Metal nitride QDs
Mo₂N@NC	863/1488	2000	3000	378	LIB	56
WN@BCN	763.9/940.9	1000	500	529	LIB	57
TiN@C	171/414	1000	5000	149	SIB	58
VNQD@NC HSs	376.2/465.2	1000	1000	306	SIB	59
VN-QDs/CM	274/376	500	500	215	PIB	60
Carbon material QDs
GQD@CNTs	633/1029	1000	350	483	LIB	66
C(ZIF-8)@GQDs	264/708	100	200	425	LIB	67
BN-CQDs	—	3000	1000	103.4	LIB	70
CDs@rGO	310/698	200	840	244	PIB	74
LAP(15)-rGO-CDs	396/1290	1000	5000	299	PIB	75
Elementary substance QDs
3DOP Ge@N-C	797/2493	5000	1200	1000	LIB	79
Si QD clusters	8151/1957	200	100	1232	LIB	81
Si-QDs/Fe₃O₄/rGO	-/1489.6	1000	400	714.8	LIB	82
Sn QDs@CNFs	-/1176	200	500	685	LIB	83
BQDs/rGO	1395/2651	2000	1000	374	LIB	84
Other categories QDs
Ni₂P@NPC	334/1351	1000	5000	212	PIB	88
MoP@PC	—	5000	1000	240	PIB	89
a-SnSe/rGO	610/873	1000	1400	397	SIB	90
Fe₂O₃/MoO₃@NG	—	10000	1700	433.5	LIB	93

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