基于相变材料蓄热的5G通信基站柜体优化

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0293

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对5G通信基站散热性能不佳、能耗高、过热风险大、冷却效率低等问题，本工作从优化基站柜体的角度出发，探究了相变材料相变温度(16～30 ℃)、相变材料安装位置以及相变通风对5G基站能耗的影响。以长沙地区为例，设计了20种不同相变温度、不同相变材料安装集成的相变柜体模型以及2种通风柜体模型，采用EnergyPlus软件模拟不同模型下的能耗。结果表明：传统基站年耗电量为3469.92 kWh，夏季典型日基站柜体温度由外壁至内壁呈下降趋势，冬季反之，基站全年72.75%时间均处于放热状态，基站柜体优化时需更注重冬季和过渡季节散热能力的设计，兼顾夏季隔热性能的优化；基站加入相变材料时，外侧布置均优于内侧布置；相变温度为25 ℃相变材料、相变材料外侧布置时基站节能效果最佳，全年耗电量可降低124.75 kWh，其1月份节能率最大为16.87%；在此基础上引入通风，基站年能耗由3469.92 kWh降低至2316.87 kWh，年节能率达33.22%，且1～4月和11～12月，月节能率均超过50%；相较于未加入相变材料通风，加入相变材料通风在12月份节能率最大，可达17.78%。

关键词: 5G通信基站, 相变材料, 性能模拟, 柜体结构, 基站通风

Abstract:

This paper explores the effects of phase change temperature (16—30 ℃), the installation location of phase change materials(PCMs), and phase change ventilation on the energy consumption of 5G base stations from the perspective of optimizing the base station cabinet. This is done byfocusing on the problems of poor heat dissipation performance, high energy consumption, high overheating risk, and low cooling efficiency of 5G communication base stations. In Changsha, 20 phase change cabinet models integrated by different phase change temperatures and installation positions of PCMs and two ventilated cabinetmodels were designed. EnergyPlus software was used to simulate energy consumption under different models. The results showedthat the annual power consumption of the traditional base station was 3469.92 kWh. The temperature of the traditional base station cabinet on a typical day in summer showed a downward trend from the outer wall to the inner wall, and vice versa in winter. A traditional base station was in a heat-release state for 72.75% of the year. In designing the base station cabinet, more attention should be paied to the design of heat dissipation capacity in winter and the transition season, considering the optimization of summer thermal insulation performance. When the base station is added with PCMs, the outer arrangement is better than the inner arrangement. When the phase change temperature is 25 ℃ and the outside of the PCMs are arranged, the base station has the best energy-saving effect. The base station's annual power consumption can be reduced by 124.75 kWh, and its monthly energy saving rate in January is the largest, reaching 16.87%. On this basis, the base station adds ventilation, and the annual energy consumption of the base station is reduced from 3469.92 kWh to 2316.87 kWh, and the annual energy saving rate reaches 33.22%. The monthly energy-saving rate of the base station from January to April and November to December is more than 50%. Compared with the ventilation base station without PCMs, the energy-saving rate of ventilation with PCMs is the largest in December, reaching 17.78%.

Key words: 5G communication base station, phase change materials, performance simulation, cabinet structure, base station ventilation

中图分类号:

TU 86

朱江恬, 张圆, 罗意彬, 杨慧婷, 李杰, 孙小琴. 基于相变材料蓄热的5G通信基站柜体优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(9): 2789-2798.

Jiangtian ZHU, Yuan ZHANG, Yibin LUO, Huiting YANG, Jie LI, Xiaoqin SUN. Optimization of 5G communication base station cabinet based on heat storage of phase change material[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(9): 2789-2798.

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材料	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/ [J/(kg·K]]	导热系数/ [W/(m·K)]	厚度/mm
聚氨酯发泡板	30	1400	0.028	30/20
钢板	7200	380	110	2/2

模型编号	相变材料相变温度/℃	相变材料布置位置	通风状态
0	—	—	—
1/2	16	内侧/外侧	—
3/4	18	内侧/外侧	—
5/6	20	内侧/外侧	—
7/8	22	内侧/外侧	—
9/10	23	内侧/外侧	—
11/12	24	内侧/外侧	—
13/14	25	内侧/外侧	—
15/16	26	内侧/外侧	—
17/18	28	内侧/外侧	—
19/20	30	内侧/外侧	—
21/22	—/25	—/外侧	开启

相变材料	相变温度 /℃	相变潜热 /(J/kg)	密度 /(kg/m³)	比热容 /[kJ/(kg·K)]	导热系数 /[W/(m·K)]
固态	25±2	194	860	2.12	0.2952
液态	25±2	194	852	2.01	0.1972

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