低温条件下磷酸铁锂-石墨体系锂离子电池阻抗研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池因为其高功率密度、高能量密度、长循环寿命等优势，在军、民领域均有广泛应用。然而锂离子电池在低温环境下性能会发生极大衰减，这阻碍了其在极端环境如极地、高原、太空等领域中的应用。本工作以常见的磷酸铁锂-人造石墨体系锂离子电池为研究对象，采用软包三电极装置，研究了不同温度下(-20～25 ℃)电池的放电性能，结合电化学阻抗谱，分别独立研究电池正极和负极在低温条件下的放电行为和阻抗特征，分析了制约电池低温性能的主要限制因素，为进一步改善电池的低温性能提供了依据和途径。研究表明，负极的电荷转移阻抗是电池阻抗的主要来源，其电极极化是造成电池极化的主要原因，是电池性能的主要限制因素，但是随着温度的降低，正极极化对电池极化的贡献增加，当温度降低到-10 ℃以下时，正极成为电池低温性能的主要限制因素。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 磷酸铁锂-石墨体系, 低温放电性能限制因素, 三电极, 电化学阻抗

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in military and civilian fields because of their advantages, such as high power density, high energy density, and long cycle life. However, the performance of lithium-ion batteries is significantly degraded at low temperatures, which hinders their application in extreme environments, such as polar regions, plateaus, and space. In this study, the discharge performance of the battery at different temperatures (-20～25 ℃) was studied using a soft-packed three-electrode device. Along with being combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the discharge behavior and impedance characteristics of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery were independently studied under low-temperature conditions. The main limiting factors restricting the low-temperature performance of the battery were analyzed, and strategies for further improving the low-temperature performance of the battery were provided. Studies have shown that the charge-transfer impedance of the negative electrode is the primary source of the impedance of the entire battery, and its electrode polarization is the leading cause of battery polarization. However, with a decrease in temperature, the contribution of the positive electrode polarization to the battery polarization increases. When the temperature drops below -10 ℃, the positive electrode becomes the main limiting factor for the low-temperature performance of the battery.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate-graphite system, limiting factors of low temperature discharge performance, three electrodes, electrochemical impedance

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

李萌, 王跃, 邱景义, 文越华, 朱振威, 孟闻捷. 低温条件下磷酸铁锂-石墨体系锂离子电池阻抗研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3538-3544.

Meng LI, Yue WANG, Jingyi QIU, Yuehua WEN, Zhenwei ZHU, Wenjie MENG. Study on impedance of lithium-ion batteries with lithium iron phosphate and graphite system under low temperature[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3538-3544.

图/表 8

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参考文献 13

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温度/℃	电极	起始电势/V	终止电势/V	电势差/V	极化占比/%
25	正极	3.43	3.33	-0.10	10.31
	负极	0.11	0.98	0.87	89.69
	电池	3.32	2.35	-0.97
10	正极	3.45	3.25	-0.20	19.23
	负极	0.11	0.95	0.84	80.77
	电池	3.34	2.30	-1.04
0	正极	3.43	3.17	-0.26	26.00
	负极	0.11	0.85	0.74	74.00
	电池	3.32	2.32	-1.00
-10	正极	3.43	3.04	-0.39	38.61
	负极	0.11	0.73	0.62	61.39
	电池	3.32	2.31	-1.01
-20	正极	3.44	2.83	-0.61	59.80
	负极	0.11	0.52	0.41	40.20
	电池	3.33	2.31	-1.02

温度/℃	电极	R_s/Ω	R_SEI/Ω	R_ct/Ω
25	正极	1.464	36.77	19.24
	负极	1.684	2.33	97.5
	电池	2.421	38.35	128.1
10	正极	1.637	44.19	26.72
	负极	1.837	8.251	136.8
	电池	2.834	52.3	169.3
0	正极	1.777	51.88	29.05
	负极	2.066	15.38	155
	电池	3.204	69.2	180.1
-10	正极	2.16	64.1	37.86
	负极	2.364	30.88	187.2
	电池	3.816	99.75	219.2
-20	正极	5.706	95.86	57.15
	负极	3.115	35	135.5
	电池	8.11	146.7	192.7

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