基于模型的燃料电池空气子系统动态过程研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0191

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

车用质子交换膜燃料电池系统工作过程中，电堆内湿度除了受到反应生成的水的影响外，气流带入带出的水也有很大影响，而车用工况工作条件变化频繁，工况切换时湿度发生明显变化，其频繁变化将导致系统寿命下降，因此有必要对动态变化的过程进行研究。本工作基于MATLAB/Simulink软件平台建立了燃料电池系统仿真模型，包括燃料电池电堆、空气子系统、氢气子系统和冷却系统。电堆的增湿方式为在空气侧利用增湿器实现电堆进出口空气换湿。空气系统参数主要由空压机转速和背压阀开度控制，分别研究了动态变化过程中空压机转速变化的速度，空压机转速变化的路径和空压机转速、背压阀开度和电流三者变化的相对时间对电压和湿度变化的影响。在本工作的条件设置中，在进气流量和压力完全变化到目标值后再改变电流对减小电压下冲值有很大帮助，但会导致湿度大幅波动，这将对系统寿命造成不利影响。综合考虑减小电压下冲值和减小湿度波动，动态变化过程中，按照空压机、背压阀和电流的顺序依次变化，且变化间隔控制在一定范围内最为合适。

关键词: 燃料电池, 湿度, 空气系统, 动态过程

Abstract:

During the operation of PEMFC for vehicles,the humidity inside a fuel cell stack is affected by the water generated by the reaction and the airflow. The working conditions of vehicles frequently change, resulting in frequent changes in humidity. Frequent humidity changes lead to a decrease in the system lifespan; therefore, the process of dynamic changes must be studied. A simulation model of a fuel cell cogeneration system was designed using MATLAB/Simulink, including stacking, and air, hydrogen, and cooling systems. Humidifiers use exhaust gas to humidify the air. The air compressor and exhaust valve control the parameters of an air system. This study also considers the speed and path change of the air compressor and relative time of three parameters (air compressor, tailgate valve, and current). In the condition setting, changing the current after the intake flow rate and pressure were completely changed to the target value helps to reduce the voltage overshoot, but it causes significant fluctuations in humidity, which adversely affects the system lifespan. Considering the reduction in the voltage overshoot and humidity fluctuations, during the dynamic change process, the speed change of the air compressor occurs before the current change, and the opening of the tailgate valve occurs slightly before the current change.

Key words: fuel cell, humidity, air system, dynamic process

中图分类号:

TK 91

李畅, 郑伟波, 朱帅, 姜云文, 明平文. 基于模型的燃料电池空气子系统动态过程研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2580-2588.

Chang LI, Weibo ZHENG, Shuai ZHU, Yunwen JIANG, Pingwen MING. Research on the dynamic process of a fuel cell air system based on a model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2580-2588.

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