基于相变蓄冷的风冷蒸发器供冷性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0814

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善冷链运输过程中内外温差大导致制冷机频繁启闭所产生的耗能问题，利用相变材料的潜热特性进行冷能储存是一种可靠有效的解决方案。本工作构建了半数盘管内为蓄冷相变材料的新型蒸发器，该蒸发器在制冷机组主动供冷的同时相变材料储存部分冷量，待停机后继续将这部分冷量释放。通过改变蓄冷盘管位置，对内置式和外置式新型蒸发器的释冷时间、换热量变化和耗散进行了研究。结果表明，两种相变盘管均可储存冷量为285 kJ，内置式和外置式蓄冷蒸发器相较无蓄冷蒸发器延长释冷时间分别为6.2 min和7.3 min。根据实际运输时间及运输货物需求，在长途运行10 h及冷藏温度范围为10～15 ℃内，常规蒸发器需经历12个启停周期，内置式和外置式新型蒸发器分别为9.79和9.87个启停周期，减少约2.2个启停周期，有效减少系统启停次数，内置式蓄冷形式下总能耗可以节省约0.25 kWh，占比1.6%。外置式蒸发器耗散增加较大，相对于无蓄冷情况下增加400 J $∙$ K以上，内置式蒸发器相比于无蓄冷情况下耗散增加损耗约100 J $∙$ K，内置式蓄冷蒸发器拥有更好的节能换热效果。

关键词: 蒸发器, 相变换热器, 冷链运输, 相变储冷, 耗散

Abstract:

Frequent opening and closing of the refrigerator results in energy consumption problems owing to the large temperature difference within and outside a refrigerator during cold-chain transportation. Latent heat characteristics of phase-change materials for cold energy storage are a reliable and effective solution for the aforementioned challenge. In this study, we describe the construction of a new type of evaporator with half of the coil tube filled with cold-storage phase-change material. The evaporator stores part of the cooling capacity of the phase-change material as the refrigeration unit actively cools and continues to release this part of the cooling capacity after shutdown. By changing the position of the cold-storage coil, we studied the cooling times, heat-transfer change, and entransy dissipation of the built-in and new external evaporators. The results show that the cold storage capacity of the two phase-change coils is 285 kJ, and the cooling release time of the built-in and external storage evaporators are 6.2 min and 7.3 min, respectively, compared to the non-cold-storage evaporator. Based on the actual transportation time and the demand for transporting goods, during long-distance operations with durations of approximately 10 h and a refrigeration temperature range of 10-15 ℃, the conventional evaporator needs to undergo 12 start-stop cycles. In contrast,the built-in and external new evaporators undergo 9.79 and 9.87 start-stop cycles, respectively, with an approximate reduction by 2.2 start-stop cycles, effectively reducing the number of start-stop energy consumption of the system. The total energy consumption under the built-in cold storage form is reduced by about 0.25 kWh, accounting for 1.6% of the total energy consumption. The entransy dissipation increases for the external and built-in evaporators are over 400 J·K and approximately 100 J·K, respectively, compared to the evaporator without cold storage. Overall, the built-in cold storage evaporator exhibits a better energy-saving effect.

Key words: evaporator, phase change materials, cold chain transportation, refrigeration, entransy dissipation

中图分类号:

TB 657.5

刘艺炫, 任晓芬, 童山虎, 石志国, 折晓会. 基于相变蓄冷的风冷蒸发器供冷性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(2): 505-514.

Yixuan LIU, Xiaofen REN, Shanhu TONG, Zhiguo SHI, Xiaohui SHE. Cooling performance of air-cooled evaporator based on phase-change cold storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(2): 505-514.

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位置	长/m	宽/m	高/m
车厢	4.000	2.268	2.500
箱体厚度	0.090	0.100	0.125
蒸发器	0.860	0.400	0.350
外置蓄冷盘管	0.860	0.060	0.350

参数名称	数值
制冷量/kW	5.0
通风量/(m³/h)	750
主回路	三相AC 380V 50 Hz
控制回路	DC 110 V
冷媒	R134a
质量流量/(g/s)	59.0

项目	无蓄冷	内置蓄冷	外置蓄冷
一周期时长/min	50.0	61.3	60.8
开启制冷时长/min	14.9	18.2	19.6
释冷时长/min	21.9	30.0	28.0
风机停机时长/min	13.2	13.1	13.2
制冷时长占比/%	29.80	29.69	32.24

项目	N	E_huo/kWh	E_c/kWh	E_f/kWh	E_start/kWh	E_{10 h}/kWh
无蓄冷	12	0.708	0.422	0.080	0.069	15.350
内置蓄冷	9.79	0.868	0.488	0.104	0.069	15.103
外置蓄冷	9.87	0.861	0.526	0.103	0.069	15.391

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