相变储冷凝胶的制备与应用

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O(disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate， DHPD)和Na₂CO₃·10H₂O（sodium carbonate decahydrate， SCD)在质量比6∶4的条件下熔融共混形成共晶水合盐(eutectic hydrated salt， EHS)，利用十水焦磷酸钠、硫酸铵和尿素分别降低其过冷度和相变温度，最后加入四种不同目数(30～60目、60～100目、120～180目和200～400目)的高吸水性树脂(superabsorbent polymer， SAP)来锚定上述体系在其三维网络空间结构中，获得了四种不同体系的相变储冷凝胶。其中，DSSNU-SAP_200～400相比于其他储冷凝胶具有最佳的相变性能。其相变温度为2.7 ℃，相变潜热为137.7 J/g，过冷度为1.9 ℃，导热系数为0.435 W/(m·K)。本文对其微观形态、晶体组成以及接触角进行了表征，充分验证了体系内各组分之间的化学兼容性，阐述了硫酸铵、尿素和SAP对EHS性能的调控机理。应用实验结果表明，以DSSNU-SAP_200～400为核心研制的储冷模块能够使葡萄在49 h内保持超高新鲜度，充分证明了其在冷链运输中的应用潜力。本研究有助于推动水合盐在储冷领域的应用，为相变储冷凝胶技术的研发提供理论基础和实验依据。

关键词: 水合盐, 储冷凝胶, 高吸水性树脂, 共晶盐改性, 冷链运输

Abstract:

In this study, Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O(DHPD)and Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(SCD)were melt-blended at a ratio of 6:4 to form a eutectic hydrated salt(EHS), after which its supercooling degree and phase change temperature were reduced using sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea, respectively. Then, four kinds of superabsorbent polymer(SAP)with different mesh numbers(30—60, 60—100, 120—180, and 200—400 meshes)were added to anchor the above system in its three-dimensional network, obtaining four different systems of phase change gels for cold storage. Among the obtained gels, DSSNU-SAP_200-400 with a phase change temperature of 2.7 ℃, phase transition latent heat of 137.7 J/g, supercooling degree of 1.9 ℃, and thermal conductivity of 0.435 W/(m·k)had the best phase-change performance than the other cold storage gels. Subsequently, this study characterized the microscopic morphology, crystal composition, and contact angle of DSSNU-SAP_200-400, fully verified its chemical compatibility between the components in the system, and expounded its regulatory mechanism of ammonium sulfate, urea, and SAP on EHS performance. The application-based experimental results showed that the cold storage module developed using DSSNU-SAP_200-400 as the core could maintain the grape's ultrahigh freshness within 49 h, fully proving its application potential in cold-chain transportation. Therefore, we propose that this research will help to promote the application of hydrated salts in cold storage, thereby providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the research and development of the phase-change cold-storage gel technology.

Key words: hydrated salt, cold storage gel, superabsorbent polymer, eutectic hydrated salt modification, cold chain transportation

中图分类号:

李亚溪, 谭振炜, 李传常. 相变储冷凝胶的制备与应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3845-3854.

Yaxi LI, Zhenwei TAN, Chuanchang LI. Research on the preparation and application of a phase-change gel for cold storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3845-3854.

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样品	T_m/℃	ΔH_m/(J/g)	T_c/℃	ΔH_c/(J/g)	ΔT/℃
DSSNU	6.3	141.3	-10.2	153.9	0.3
DSSNU-SAP_30～60	2.5	114.4	-15.6	44.52	0.2
DSSNU- SAP_60～100	2.3	122.1	-14.5	78.44	5.9
DSSNU- SAP_120～180	4.0	136.4	-7.7	134.8	0
DSSNU- SAP_200～400	2.7	137.7	-16.3	88.58	1.9

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