面向PEM电解制氢的虚拟同步控制技术研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0386

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

配有储氢环节的电解水制氢系统能够对功率进行调整，促进可再生能源大规模消纳，是一种理想的调节资源。在电解电源的控制中，引入虚拟同步机控制技术，以暂时改变电解制氢功率为代价，为大量新能源与清洁能源接入电网带来的转动惯量不足、频率稳定性较差等问题提供一种新的解决思路。本文以质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane，PEM）电解制氢系统为例，提出了一种虚拟同步电动机(virtual synchronous motor，VSM)的控制策略。首先，通过引入直流电流控制环节实现电解槽功率的自主调整，减小了负荷波动期间的电网频率变化量；其次，考虑到电解槽电流调节存在速率限制，分析了对频率调整过渡过程的影响。最后，基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建微电网仿真系统，实验结果表明，相较于传统的双闭环控制，基于VSM控制的PEM电解制氢系统在电网负荷变动期间能够自主调节制氢系统的功率，电网频率变化量减少了64.71%。

关键词: 虚拟同步电动机, PEM电解制氢系统, 频率调节, 惯量阻尼

Abstract:

The electrolytic water hydrogen production system, integrated with hydrogen storage, serves as an ideal adjustable resource by regulating power and facilitating large-scale renewable energy consumption. This study introduces virtual synchronous motor (VSM) control technology into electrolytic hydrogen production to address issues of insufficient inertia and poor frequency stability arising from the large-scale integration of renewable and clean energy into power grids. Using the proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis hydrogen production system as a case study, a VSM control strategy is proposed. First, the independent adjustment of the electrolytic cell's power is achieved by implementing a DC current control mechanism, effectively reducing grid frequency fluctuations during load variations. Next, the impact of current regulation rate limits within the electrolytic cell on the frequency adjustment transition process is analyzed. A microgrid simulation system is then developed using MATLAB/Simulink. Experimental results indicate that, compared to traditional double closed-loop control, the PEM electrolysis hydrogen production system based on VSM control independently adjusts the hydrogen production power during grid load changes, reducing grid frequency variation by 64.71%.

Key words: virtual synchronous motor, PEM electrolysis hydrogen production system, frequency adjustment, inertia damping

中图分类号:

TM 76

范新桥, 张宽, 赵波, 刘敏, 吴启亮. 面向PEM电解制氢的虚拟同步控制技术研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 3949-3960.

Xinqiao FAN, Kuan ZHANG, Bo ZHAO, Min LIU, Qiliang WU. Research on virtual synchronous control technology for PEM electrolysis hydrogen production[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 3949-3960.

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电路参数	取值
三相相电压幅值/V	380
电网频率f/Hz	50
同步机电源有功功率/kW	32
同步机电源的惯量J_G	4
同步机电源的阻尼D_G	76.5
同步机电源下垂系数D_P	1000
同步机电源下垂系数D_Q	0.002
网侧滤波电感L'/H	4.98
网侧电阻R'/Ω	0.03
直流侧电容C_dc/mF	0.1
直流侧电感L_dc/H	0.2
电解槽有功负荷/kW	31
下垂系数D_p	1000
下垂系数Dq	0.002
惯性参数J	2
阻尼系数D	75
电流变化速率K_I	200

参数	工况1：在电网侧进行负荷投切测试	工况2：对电解槽进行并联运行测试
负荷变换时间/s	3	3
负荷恢复时间/s	6	6
负荷变换大小/kW	17.5	31

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