孤岛直流微电网分布式储能单元SOC均衡下垂控制策略研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0047

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (8): 3160-3169.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0047

• 储能系统与工程 • 上一篇

孤岛直流微电网分布式储能单元SOC均衡下垂控制策略研究

武小兰¹(), 杨永智¹, 白志峰¹, 郭海长¹, 郭桂芳², 张锦华¹

^1.西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院，陕西西安 710055
^2.西藏民族大学信息工程学院，陕西西安 712082

收稿日期:2025-01-10 修回日期:2025-01-22 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-08-18
通讯作者: 武小兰 E-mail:wuxiaolan@xauat.edu.cn
作者简介:武小兰（1975—），女，博士，副教授，主要从事新能源汽车、智能网联汽车方面的研究，E-mail：wuxiaolan@xauat.edu.cn。
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(XZ202301YD0003C);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GX-YBXM-178)

SOC-balancing droop control strategy using secondary voltage compensation for distributed energy storage units in islanded DC microgrids

Xiaolan WU¹(), Yongzhi YANG¹, Zhifeng BAI¹, Haichang GUO¹, Guifang GUO², Jinhua ZHANG¹

^1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
^2.School of Information Engineering, Xizang Mingzu University, Xi'an 712082, Shaanxi, China

Received:2025-01-10 Revised:2025-01-22 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-08-18
Contact: Xiaolan WU E-mail:wuxiaolan@xauat.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对孤岛直流微电网中分布式储能单元荷电状态(SOC)的不一致性可能导致储能单元功率分配不准确和SOC失衡，从而降低电池寿命的问题，提出了一种基于电压补偿的孤岛直流微电网分布式储能单元SOC均衡下垂控制策略。该策略的控制结构分为主控制层和二次控制层。主控制层通过下垂控制实现电压稳定的基本功能，二次控制层引入电压补偿项，该补偿项由带均衡调节的反正切函数得到，旨在使电池的荷电状态和容量实现精确的电流共享，最终使各电池的SOC逐步收敛至平均值，并使输出电压的平均值与微电网标称电压一致。仿真和实验结果表明，该策略具有控制结构简单、通信负担小的优点，有效提高了储能单元的SOC均衡精度，同时避免了储能单元的过充与过放。

关键词: 直流微电网, 分布式储能, 下垂控制, 电压补偿, 荷电状态

Abstract:

A distributed energy storage unit state-of-charge (SOC)-balancing droop control strategy based on secondary voltage compensation is proposed for islanded direct current microgrids to address issues of inaccurate power allocation and SOC imbalance in energy storage units, which can reduce battery lifespan. The control structure used to implement this strategy consists of two layers: a primary control layer and a secondary control layer. The primary layer ensures voltage stability through traditional droop control, while the secondary layer introduces a voltage compensation term derived from an arctangent function with balanced regulation. This strategy aims to achieve accurate current sharing based on each battery's SOC and capacity. Ultimately, the SOC of all batteries gradually converges to an average value, while the average output voltage remains consistent with the nominal voltage of the microgrid. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the strategy features a simple control structure, low communication burden, and improves the SOC balancing accuracy and efficiency of the energy storage units. In addition, it effectively protects batteries from overcharging and overdischarging under varying charge and discharge currents. The simulation and experimental results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Key words: DC microgrid, distributed energy storage, sag control, voltage compensation, state of charge

中图分类号:

TP 273.4

武小兰, 杨永智, 白志峰, 郭海长, 郭桂芳, 张锦华. 孤岛直流微电网分布式储能单元SOC均衡下垂控制策略研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(8): 3160-3169.

Xiaolan WU, Yongzhi YANG, Zhifeng BAI, Haichang GUO, Guifang GUO, Jinhua ZHANG. SOC-balancing droop control strategy using secondary voltage compensation for distributed energy storage units in islanded DC microgrids[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 3160-3169.

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孤岛直流微电网分布式储能单元SOC均衡下垂控制策略研究

SOC-balancing droop control strategy using secondary voltage compensation for distributed energy storage units in islanded DC microgrids

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