新型惯量飞轮与高速飞轮参与电网惯性响应与一次调频的控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0844

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文针对惯量飞轮和高速飞轮组成的混合飞轮阵列参与电网惯性响应与一次调频的复杂控制问题，首先介绍了惯量飞轮和高速飞轮储能的概念、惯量飞轮阵列与高速飞轮阵列参与电网惯性响应和一次调频的架构及其工作机理，其次建立了飞轮储能系统数学模型及其控制模型，然后提出了惯量飞轮和高速飞轮阵列参与电网惯性响应和一次调频的基于惯性控制和下垂控制的协同控制策略、惯性响应与一次调频分别调节控制策略。通过仿真将两种控制策略的调频效果从电网频率变化量、频率变化率和恢复时间等方面进行对比，仿真结果验证了两种策略的正确性和可行性，它们在惯性响应和一次调频阶段各有优势。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 惯量飞轮, 惯性响应, 一次调频, 下垂控制, 惯性控制

Abstract:

Aiming at the complex control problem wherein a hybrid flywheel array composed of an inertia flywheel and a high-speed flywheel participates in grid inertia response and primary frequency modulation, this paper first introduces the concepts of magnetic suspension inertia flywheel and high-speed flywheel energy storage, as well as the architecture and working mechanism of the inertia flywheel array and high-speed flywheel array that participate in grid inertia response and primary frequency modulation. Secondly, the mathematical and control models of the flywheel energy storage system are established, and two control strategies are proposed: one is a collaborative control strategy based on inertia control and sag control, involving the inertia flywheel and high-speed flywheel array in grid inertia response and primary frequency modulation; the other is a control strategy based on inertia response and primary frequency modulation, respectively. Through simulation, the frequency modulation effects of the two control strategies are compared in terms of frequency change, frequency change rate and recovery time. The simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the two strategies, and they exhibit different advantages in the inertia response and primary frequency modulation stages.

Key words: flywheel energy storage, inertia flywheel, inertial response, primary frequency modulation, sag control, inertial control

中图分类号:

TM 761

董文琦, 张东晖, 曹一凡, 宁照轩, 姜新建, 李明, 史学伟. 新型惯量飞轮与高速飞轮参与电网惯性响应与一次调频的控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 1224-1233.

Wenqi DONG, Donghui ZHANG, Yifan CAO, Zhaoxuan NING, Xinjian JIANG, Ming LI, Xuewei SHI. The control strategies concerning the new type inertia flywheel and high-speed flywheel involved in the grid inertia response and primary frequency modulation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(3): 1224-1233.

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参数	数值
额定功率/MW	1
额定电压/V	690
电机相数	6
定子相电阻/mΩ	1
定子绕组d轴电感/mH	0.07
定子绕组q轴电感/mH	0.15
永磁体磁链/Wb	0.28
转速范围/(r/min)	5000~10500

参数	数值
额定功率/MW	1.5
额定电压/V	690
极对数	2
定子电阻/mΩ	5.5
转子电阻/mΩ	6.21
定子漏感/mH	0.156
转子漏感/mH	0.226
互感/mH	11.01

参数	数值
电网容量/MW	200
高速飞轮台数	10
惯量飞轮台数	10
高速飞轮阵列容量/MW	10
惯量飞轮阵列容量/MW	15
高速飞轮初始转速/(r/min)	7000
惯量飞轮初始转速/(r/min)	1400

调频指标	基于惯性控制和下垂控制的协同控制策略	惯性响应与一次调频分别调节的控制策略
最大频率变化量/Hz	-0.26	-0.30
最大频率变化率/(Hz/s)	-0.57	-0.66
恢复时间/s	6.9	4.5

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