飞轮储能用永磁电机研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0320

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高速永磁电机能够满足飞轮储能系统对电机高效率、高功率密度的需求，目前主要还存在高速、高功率带来的转子旋转强度和转子散热这两个问题，永磁体的旋转离心载荷只能由转子结构来承担、真空运行高热阻条件增加了问题的难度。本文分析了飞轮储能用永磁电机的各种分类及其结构特点，对比了多个飞轮储能永磁电机案例中的主要参数，分析了永磁电机各类电磁损耗的计算方法、损耗减低措施。总结不同飞轮永磁电机的各项损耗占比，永磁电机额定状态下电磁损耗与额定功率的比值一般不超过5%，大功率永磁电机的转子损耗与额定功率的比值往往低于0.4%。简要回顾了永磁电机的热管理研究现状。新型永磁材料、转子直接冷却和飞轮电机转子一体式结构研究是未来飞轮储能永磁电机发展的重要方向。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 永磁电机, 损耗, 散热方式

Abstract:

High speed permanent magnet machines can fulfill the requirements of flywheel energy storage systems by providing high efficiency and high power density. Currently, there are two main challenges: rotor strength and heat dissipation. The rotor structure must endure the centrifugal forces generated by high-speed rotation, while the vacuum environment exacerbates the issue by increasing thermal resistance and complicating heat dissipation This article analyzes the classification and structural characteristics of permanent magnet machines used in flywheel energy storage systems. It compares key parameters across various examples of these machines, examines methods for calculating and reducing electromagnetic losses, and summarizes the loss ratios for different flywheel permanent magnet motors. The ratio of electromagnetic losses to the rated power of permanent magnet motors is typically below 5%, with rotor losses in high-power permanent magnet motors often less than 0.4% of the rated power. The article provides a brief review of the current research on thermal management for permanent magnet machines. Key areas for future development in flywheel energy storage permanent magnet machines include the exploration of new permanent magnet materials, rotor direct cooling methods, and integrated rotor structures.

Key words: flywheel energy storage, permanent magnet machine, losses, cooling measures

中图分类号:

TK 02

徐帆, 戴兴建, 王又珑, 胡东旭, 张华良, 陈海生. 飞轮储能用永磁电机研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3423-3441.

Fan XU, Xingjian DAI, Youlong WANG, Dongxu HU, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Research progress on permanent magnet machines for flywheel energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3423-3441.

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功率/kW	转速/(r/min)	难度值	类型	参考文献
300	36000	6.2×10⁵	永磁无刷直流电机	[32]
75	60000	5.2×10⁵	内转子永磁同步电机	[33]
135	31500	3.6×10⁵	表贴式永磁同步电机	[34]
1000	10500	3.3×10⁵	内置式永磁同步电机	[31]
140	24000	2.8×10⁵	内置式永磁同步电机	[35]
200	20000	2.8×10⁵	内嵌式永磁同步电机	[36]
80	30000	2.7×10⁵	表贴式永磁无刷直流电机	[37]
2.3	150000	2.3×10⁵	内转子永磁无刷直流电机	[38]
100	20000	2×10⁵	外转子永磁同步电机	[39]
5000	2500	1.8×10⁵	内置式永磁同步电机	[40]
1.5	150000	1.8×10⁵	圆环式内转子永磁同步电机	[41]
7.6	50000	1.4×10⁵	表贴式永磁同步电机	[42]
20	30000	1.3×10⁵	表贴式永磁无刷直流电机	[43]
500	6000	1.3×10⁵	内转子永磁同步电机	[44]
200	9000	1.3×10⁵	表贴式/内置式永磁电机	[45]
500	5400	1.2×10⁵	轴向永磁同步电机	[46]
4	60000	1.2×10⁵	一体式轴向永磁电机	[47]
200	8000	1.1×10⁵	轴向永磁电机	[48]
30	20000	1.1×10⁵	内置式Halbach永磁电机	[49]
1000	2700	8.5×10⁴	内置式永磁同步电机	[50]
500	3600	8.0×10⁴	内置式永磁同步电机	[51]
22	12000	7.0×10⁴	内置式永磁同步电机	[52]
10	20000	6.3×10⁴	轴向永磁电机	[53]
8	18000	5.1×10⁴	一体式表贴永磁同步电机	[54]
100	5000	5×10⁴	一体式无轴永磁电机	[55]
17	10000	4.1×10⁴	轴向永磁电机	[56]

功率/kW	转速/(r/min)	铜耗/W	定子铁耗/W	转子损耗/W	参考文献
130	31500	926.1	1000	143.8	[34]
100	16500	911	728.1	25.7	[116]
223	60000	515	2138	1075	[117]
117	60000	810	1010	190	[118]
40	18000	574.8	820.2	562.2	[119]
223	1330	4020	—	—	[120]
300	10000	1790	10107.3	—	[121]
75	60000	—	3369	—	[122]
200	21000	—	2300	450	[123]
150	10000	2452	1167.4	344.5	[124]
150	9000	—	—	616.1	[125]
200	15000	—	—	1400	[126]

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