飞轮储能用永磁电机研究进展综述

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0320

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高速永磁电机能够满足飞轮储能系统对电机高效率、高功率密度的需求，目前主要还存在高速、高功率带来的转子旋转强度和转子散热这两个问题，永磁体的旋转离心载荷只能由转子结构来承担、真空运行高热阻条件增加了问题的难度。本文分析了飞轮储能用永磁电机的各种分类及其结构特点，对比了多个飞轮储能永磁电机案例中的主要参数，分析了永磁电机各类电磁损耗的计算方法、损耗减低措施。总结不同飞轮永磁电机的各项损耗占比，永磁电机额定状态下电磁损耗与额定功率的比值一般不超过5%，大功率永磁电机的转子损耗与额定功率的比值往往低于0.4%。简要回顾了永磁电机的热管理研究现状。新型永磁材料、转子直接冷却和飞轮电机转子一体式结构研究是未来飞轮储能永磁电机发展的重要方向。

关键词: 飞轮储能, 永磁电机, 损耗, 散热方式

Abstract:

High speed permanent magnet machines can meet the requirements of flywheel energy storage systems for high efficiency and high power density of machines. At present, there are mainly two problems: rotor rotation strength and rotor heat dissipation brought by high speed and high power. The rotating centrifugal load of permanent magnet can only be borne by the rotor structure, and the high thermal resistance condition of vacuum operation increases the difficulty of the problem. This aritcle analyzes the classification and structural characteristics of permanent magnet machines for flywheel energy storage, compares the main parameters of many cases of flywheel energy storage permanent magnet machines, analyzes the calculation methods of various electromagnetic losses and measures to reduce losses. The losses ratios of different flywheel permanent magnet motors are summarized. The ratio of the electromagnetic loss to the rated power of the permanent magnet motor is generally less than 5%, and the ratio of the rotor loss to the rated power of the high-power permanent magnet motor is often less than 0.4%. The research status of thermal management of permanent magnet machines is briefly reviewed. The research of new permanent magnet materials, rotor direct cooling and rotor integrated structure of flywheel machine is an important direction for the future development of flywheel energy storage permanent magnet machines.

Key words: Flywheel energy storage, Permanent magnet machine, Losses, Cooling measures

中图分类号:

TK02

徐帆, 戴兴建, 王又珑, 胡东旭, 张华良, 陈海生. 飞轮储能用永磁电机研究进展综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0320.

Fan XU, Xingjian DAI, Youlong WANG, Dongxu HU, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Review on the research progress of permanent magnet machines for flywheel energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0320.

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功率/kW		难度值	类型	参考文献
300	36000	6.2*10^5	永磁无刷直流电机	^[32]
75	60000	5.2*10^5	内转子永磁同步电机	^[33]
135	31500	3.6*10^5	表贴式永磁同步电机	^[34]
1000	10500	3.3*10^5	内置式永磁同步电机	^[31]
140	24000	2.8*10^5	内置式永磁同步电机	^[35]
200	20000	2.8*10^5	内嵌式永磁同步电机	^[36]
80	30000	2.7*10^5	表贴式永磁无刷直流电机	^[37]
2.3	150000	2.3*10^5	内转子永磁无刷直流电机	^[38]
100	20000	2*10^5	外转子永磁同步电机	^[39]
5000	2500	1.8*10^5	内置式永磁同步电机	^[40]
1.5	150000	1.8*10^5	圆环式内转子永磁同步电机	^[41]
7.6	50000	1.4*10^5	表贴式永磁同步电机	^[42]
20	30000	1.3*10^5	表贴式永磁无刷直流电机	^[43]
500	6000	1.3*10^5	内转子永磁同步电机	^[44]
200	9000	1.3*10^5	表贴式/内置式永磁电机	^[45]
500	5400	1.2*10^5	轴向永磁同步电机	^[46]
4	60000	1.2*10^5	一体式轴向永磁电机	^[47]
200	8000	1.1*10^5	轴向永磁电机	^[48]
30	20000	1.1*10^5	内置式Halbach永磁电机	^[49]
1000	2700	8.5*10^4	内置式永磁同步电机	^[50]
500	3600	8.0*10^4	内置式永磁同步电机	^[51]
22	12000	7.0*10^4	内置式永磁同步电机	^[52]
10	20000	6.3*10^4	轴向永磁电机	^[53]
8	18000	5.1*10^4	一体式表贴永磁同步电机	^[54]
100	5000	5*10^4	一体式无轴永磁电机	^[55]
17	10000	4.1*10^4	轴向永磁电机	^[56]

功率/kW	转速/rpm		铜耗/W	定子铁耗/W	转子损耗/W	参考文献
130		31500	926.1	1000	143.8	^[34]
100	16500	911	728.1	25.7	^[116]
223	60000	515	2138	1075	^[117]
117	60000	810	1010	190	^[118]
40	18000	574.8	820.2	562.2	^[119]
223	1330	4020			^[120]
300	10000	1790	10107.3		^[121]
75	60000		3369		^[122]
200	21000		2300	450	^[123]
150	10000	2452	1167.4	344.5	^[124]
150	9000			616.1	^[125]
200		15000			1400	^[126]

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