高功率储能器件的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于技术原理不同，高功率储能器件在能量密度、功率特性和持续释能时间等方面差异较大，发展水平不一，所适用场景也不同。目前缺乏以单一技术特点为主线对典型高功率储能器件进行系统性梳理，使不同受用者对高功率储能器件有更加清晰的了解。本文概述了不同高功率储能器件的原理及适用场景，并从能量密度、功率密度、高功率特性等方面对各类高功率器件进行对比；重点以持续释能时间为轴线，对高功率储能器件水平现状进行分类论述，并对其未来发展方向进行总结讨论；最后，对高功率储能器件的发展作出展望。

关键词: 高功率储能器件, 金属薄膜电容器, 飞轮储能, 双电层电容器, 锂离子电容器, 锂离子电池

Abstract:

The different high-power energy storage devices have different characteristics, such as energy density, power, and sustained release time, owing to their energy storage mechanisms, leading to the disequilibrium of the development level and different application scenarios. There is a lack of systematic arrangements for typical high-power energy storage devices based on a single technical featurethat helps customers have a clearer understanding of high-power energy storage devices. This study outlines the mechanisms and application scenarios of typical high-power energy storage devices and compares different characteristics of high-power energy storage devices, such as energy density, power, and sustained release time. The research progress of high-power energy storage devices is categorized and summarized based on sustained release time. Moreover, an outlook on the development of high-power energy storage devices is presented.

Key words: high-power energy storage devices, metallized film capacitors, flywheel, double layer capacitors, Li-ion capacitors, Li-ion batteries

中图分类号:

TM 911

滕国营, 王新改, 孟海军, 丁飞. 高功率储能器件的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3442-3452.

Guoying TENG, Xingai WANG, Haijun MENG, Fei DING. Research progress of high-power energy storage devices[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3442-3452.

图/表 6

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类型	能量密度 /(Wh/kg)	功率密度 /(W/kg)	循环次数	快速输出能力	持续释能时间	储能形式	相关产品或报道
金属薄膜电容器	3.0 J/cm³	175 M	＞10000	MW~GW	0.5 μs	电能	GA公司CMX系列产品^[24]
飞轮储能	10~30	10 k~1 M	>200000	MW~GW	ms~s	机械	UT-CEM CPA 工程样机^[25]
飞轮储能	10~30	≥9 k	>10000000	百kW~MW	s~min	机械	清华大学300 Wh飞轮储能样机^[26]
双电层电容器	8~10	25 k	>500000	百kW~MW	10 ms~s	电能	Maxwell 3000F双层电容器
锂离子电容器	60~90	20 k	50000~500000	百kW~MW	5~15 min	化学	FDK EneCapTen
高功率锂离子电池	90~120	2.5 k	2000~5000	百kW~MW	min~h	化学	东芝高功率钛酸锂电池^[27] SAFT的高功率锂离子电池

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