基于电池储能SOC特性的配电网供电恢复有功控制方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在配电网供电恢复过程中，由于各个电池储能设备的SOC(state of charge)差异化特性，导致部分设备可能出现过充或过放等问题，从而对配电网的稳定运行造成威胁。为更好地发挥配电网供电恢复过程中储能的有功支撑能力，提出了基于电池储能SOC特性的配电网供电恢复有功控制方法。首先，根据分布式光伏及电池储能的频率响应特性，考虑了分布式光伏和储能系统的动态响应能力，建立了配电网供电恢复场景的有功控制模型；然后，分析了储能SOC与调频系数间的解析关系，以此构建计及储能SOC特性的调频系数约束，在此基础上进一步考虑储能的容量限制和配电网的状态空间方程，以最小化频率偏差为优化目标函数构建了储能调频系数协同优化方法；最后，通过Matlab/Simulink仿真算例对比优化前后控制策略的调频性能，结果表明，该算法相比优化前具有更高的控制精度和更快的响应速度，充分发挥各储能单元的调频性能，从而提升了配电网供电恢复过程中的有功控制性能。

关键词: 配电网, 电池储能, 荷电状态, 有功控制

Abstract:

Abstract: During power restoration in a distribution network, some devices may experience problems such as overcharging or overdischarging because of the differentiated characteristics of the SOC (state of charge) of various battery energy storage devices. These problems pose a threat to the stable operation of the distribution network. A power restoration active control method that considers the state of charge (SOC) characteristics of battery energy storage is proposed to better utilize the active power support capability of energy storage during power restoration in the distribution network. First, the dynamic response capability of distributed photovoltaics and energy storage systems was considered based on the frequency response characteristics of distributed photovoltaics and battery energy storage. An active power control model was then established for power supply recovery scenarios in the distribution network. Then, the analytical relationship between the energy storage SOC and the frequency modulation coefficient was analyzed, and a frequency modulation coefficient constraint was constructed considering the characteristics of the energy storage SOC. Accordingly, the capacity limitation of energy storage and the state space equation of the distribution network were examined, and a method for the collaborative optimization of the energy-storage frequency modulation coefficient was developed, wherein the optimization objective function to be minimized was the frequency deviation. Finally, the frequency modulation performance of the control strategy before and after optimization was compared via Matlab/Simulink simulations. The results showed that the algorithm achieved higher control accuracy and faster response speed after optimization. Thus, the frequency modulation capabilities of each energy storage unit were fully utilized, enhancing the active power control performance during the power supply recovery process of the distribution network.

Key words: distribution network, battery energy storage, state of charge, active control

中图分类号:

TM 7

李浩然, 王子滔. 基于电池储能SOC特性的配电网供电恢复有功控制方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2833-2843.

Haoran LI, Zitao WANG. Active control method for power restoration in distribution networks considering the characteristics of distributed energy storage SOC[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2833-2843.

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符号	含义	数值
H_G	同步机时间惯性常数	6
D	负荷频率响应系数	0.01
K_E	储能调频增益系数	10
T_E	储能惯性响应系数	0.3
K_PV	分布式光伏的一次调频控制增益	8
T_PV1	调频控制指令下发到光伏逆变器的时间常数	0.2
T_PV2	光伏逆变器的执行时间常数	0.5
P_L/p.u.	负荷扰动	0.1

项目	最大频率波动/Hz	调节时间/s
优化后	0.26	5.52
优化前	0.31	7.31

项目	最大频率波动/Hz	调节时间/s
优化后	0.39	8.22
优化前	0.43	10.33