高亲锂Ga2O3 纳米片改性集流体助力高性能无枝晶锂金属负极

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂金属负极因其超高理论比容量被视为下一代高能量密度电池的理想选择。然而，在循环过程中锂金属易形成锂枝晶并伴随着剧烈的体积变化，严重制约了其实际应用。三维泡沫镍具有高比表面积和良好导电性，可作为锂金属负极的集流体，有效缓解锂金属的体积变化并且能够降低局部电流密度。然而，其固有的疏锂性使得锂沉积过程中易形成枝晶，无法充分利用其三维结构来引导锂沉积。为此，本文通过在泡沫镍上负载Ga₂O₃纳米片，其能够与锂原位反应生成具有优异亲锂性和良好电子、离子电导率的Li-Ga合金，从而有效抑制锂枝晶生长。结果显示，改性半电池在1 mA/cm²电流密度和1 mAh/cm²面积容量的循环条件下能够稳定循环170圈，平均库仑效率高达97.8%；对称电池在1 mA/cm²电流密度和1 mAh/cm²面积容量的循环条件下能以7 mV的极化电压稳定运行超过1200 h；此外，当与磷酸铁锂正极匹配组装成全电池时，也能够获得优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。综上，本文提出的改性方法是一种简捷有效构建高性能锂金属负极的策略。

关键词: 锂金属负极, 三维集流体, 锂镓合金, 亲锂性, 无枝晶

Abstract:

Lithium metal anodes are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density batteries owing to their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity. However, their practical application is hindered by lithium dendrite formation and severe volume fluctuations during cycling, leading to poor cycling stability and safety concerns. Three-dimensional (3D) nickel foam, with high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, has been investigated as a potential current collector to mitigate volume expansion and reduce local current density. Nevertheless, its intrinsic lithiophobicity induces non-uniform lithium deposition and dendrite growth, limiting the effective utilization of the 3D architecture. To overcome this limitation, we propose a facile strategy of decorating nickel foam with Ga₂O₃ nanosheets. These nanosheets react in situ with lithium during cycling to form Li-Ga alloys, which exhibit excellent lithiophilicity and enhanced electronic and ionic conductivity, thereby promoting uniform Li nucleation and effectively suppressing dendritic growth. Structural characterization and electrochemical measurements confirm that the modified current collector markedly improves the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anodes. Specifically, in half-cell tests with an areal capacity of 1 mAh/cm² at 1 mA/cm², the modified electrode achieves stable cycling for over 170 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 97.8%. In symmetric cells, a low polarization voltage of 7 mV is sustained for more than 1200 h at the same current density. Furthermore, when paired with a LiFePO₄ cathode in full-cell configuration, the modified anode exhibits excellent rate capability and long-term cycling stability. Overall, this work presents a simple and effective approach to achieving dendrite-free lithium metal anodes, offering new insights for the design of advanced lithium metal battery architectures.

Key words: lithium metal anode, three-dimensional current collector, Li-Ga alloy, lithiophilicity, dendrite-free

中图分类号:

TM 911

唐超, 向嘉, 李涯皓, 杨学林. 高亲锂Ga₂O₃ 纳米片改性集流体助力高性能无枝晶锂金属负极[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(11): 4085-4097.

Chao TANG, Jia XIANG, Yahao LI, Xuelin YANG. Lithiophilic Ga₂O₃ nanosheet-modified current collectors for high-performance dendrite-free lithium metal anodes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(11): 4085-4097.

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高亲锂Ga₂O₃ 纳米片改性集流体助力高性能无枝晶锂金属负极

Lithiophilic Ga₂O₃ nanosheet-modified current collectors for high-performance dendrite-free lithium metal anodes

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