储能科学与技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (3): 500-521.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2017.0031

• 特约文章 • 上一篇    下一篇

第一性原理计算在锂硫电池中的应用进展评述

陈  翔1,侯廷政1,2,彭翃杰1,程新兵1,黄佳琦3,张  强1   

  1. 1清华大学化学工程系绿色反应工程与工艺北京市重点实验室,北京 100084;2加州大学伯克利分校材料学院,美国加州 伯克利 94720;3北京理工大学前沿交叉科学研究院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-27 修回日期:2017-04-14 出版日期:2017-05-01 发布日期:2017-05-01
  • 通讯作者: 张强,研究员,主要研究方向为能源材料,尤其是金属锂、锂硫电池和电催化剂,E-mail:zhang-qiang@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:陈翔(1994—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为能源材料理论计算,E-mail:chenxiang16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0202500),国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB932500),国家自然科学基金项目(21676160)。

Review on the applications of first-principles calculation in lithium-sulfur batteries

CHEN Xiang1, HOU Tingzheng1,2, PENG Hongjie1, CHENG Xinbing1, HUANG Jiaqi3, ZHANG Qiang1   

  1. 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States; 3Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2017-03-27 Revised:2017-04-14 Online:2017-05-01 Published:2017-05-01

摘要:

与传统的锂离子电池相比,锂硫电池具有高能量密度而被认为是一种理想的下一代储能器件。但多硫化物的“穿梭效应”、电解质的不稳定、金属锂枝晶的生长等问题严重阻碍了锂硫电池的实际应用。第一性原理计算等理论研究方法的兴起,促进了对锂硫电池关键科学问题的理解及其实用化进程。本文基于密度泛函理论、Hartree-Fock方法、从头算分子动力学模拟等广泛应用的理论方法,综述了第一性原理计算在锂硫电池正极、电解质、负极中的具体应用以及对解决锂硫电池关键科学问题的作用,并阐述了其未来在锂硫电池研究领域的发展空间。

关键词: 第一性原理计算, 锂硫电池, 硫正极, 电解质, 锂负极

Abstract:

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are strongly considered as next-generation energy storage devices for its extremely high energy capacity compared with traditional lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, several issues such as the shuttle of polysulfides, the instability of electrolyte, and the growth of lithium dendrites restrict their practical applications. The development of first-principles method has promoted the understanding of the key questions in Li-S batteries and their practical process. This paper reviews the applications of density functional theory, Hartree-Fock method, and ab initio molecular dynamics in Li-S batteries cathode, electrolyte, and anode. At last, a conclusion is draw and a perspective is present for first-principles calculation.

Key words: first-principles calculation, lithium-sulfur batteries, sulfur cathode, electrolyte, lithium anode