储能科学与技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (3): 534-549.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2017.0035

• 特约文章 • 上一篇    下一篇

高容量锂硫电池近期研究进展

张魏栋，范  磊，朱守圃，陆盈盈   

  1. 浙江大学制药工程研究所，浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院，浙江 杭州 310027
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-31 修回日期:2017-04-10 出版日期:2017-05-01 发布日期:2017-05-01
  • 通讯作者: 陆盈盈，研究员，从事高性能储能材料研究，E-mail：yingyinglu@zju.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:张魏栋（1995—），男，在读本科生，从事高性能锂硫电池研究，E-mail：zhangweidong@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目（21676242），国家重点研发计划（2016YFA0202900）。

Recent developments in high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries

ZHANG Weidong, FAN Lei, ZHU Shoupu, LU Yingying   

  1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2017-03-31 Revised:2017-04-10 Online:2017-05-01 Published:2017-05-01

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934

被引次数

2

摘要：

传统的锂离子电池受其理论容量所限，不能满足新兴高能量密度储能器件的需求。锂硫电池因其高理论比容量（1673 mA·h/g），是传统锂离子电池的4倍左右，近年来广受世界各国研究者的关注。针对锂硫电池中活性物质硫单质电子、离子电导率低、充放电过程中多硫化物溶出、体积变化大等棘手问题，近年来，科研工作者不断对正极材料结构、负极、电解液、隔膜进行改进，旨在抑制多硫化物穿梭效应，提高活性物质利用率，克服充放电过程中的巨大体积变化，提高电池安全性及循环寿命。本文综述了近年来最新的锂硫电池进展，分析了近年来新发展的极性-极性相互作用吸附多硫化锂、人工SEI保护锂金属负极、新型电解液和隔膜抑制多硫化锂穿梭等突破性技术，展望了锂硫电池未来的发展方向。

关键词: 锂硫电池, 硫正极, 锂金属负极, 电解液, 隔膜

Abstract:

 The conventional lithium-ion batteries are unable to meet the increasing demands for high-energy storage systems, because of their limited theoretical capacity. In recent years, intensive attentions have been paid on lithium-sulfur battery worldwide by researchers, due to its step-change improvement in capacity（1673 mA·h·g−1），which is 4 times higher than current lithium ion batteries. In response to the low electronic/ionic conductivity of sulfur, the dissolution of the polysulfide, the huge volume changes during cycling and so on, researchers have focused on the design of smart cathode structures, the protection of lithium anode, and the optimization of electrolyte and separators. These strategies successfully inhibit the polysulfide shuttling problem, increase the utilization of active substances, buffer the large volume change and improve the safety and cycle life. In this paper, we review the recent developments in lithium-sulfur batteries, highlight typical novel technologies such as polar-polar interactions to control polysulfide dissolution, artificial SEI to protect the lithium anode, novel electrolyte and separator to suppress polysulfide shuttling, and forecast the directions for its future developments.

Key words: lithium-sulfur batteries, sulfur cathode, lithium metal anode, electrolyte, separator