高安全锂硫电池电解液研究进展

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0157

储能科学与技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (6): 1060-1068.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0157

高安全锂硫电池电解液研究进展

杨慧军¹, 傅璟¹, 陈加航¹, 郭城¹, 郭瑞², 解晶莹², 王久林¹

1. 上海电化学能源器件工程技术研究中心, 上海交通大学化学化工学院, 上海 200240;
2. 上海空间电源研究所, 上海 200245

收稿日期:2018-08-28 修回日期:2018-09-10 出版日期:2018-11-01 发布日期:2018-09-13
通讯作者: 王久林,研究员,从事高能化学电源用关键材料和锂硫二次电池的研究,E-mail:wangjiulin@sjtu.edu.cn。
作者简介:杨慧军(1994-),男,硕士研究生,从事锂硫电池电解液及界面调控研究,E-mail:huijun123@sjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1705255，213333007，213371313）和教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（NCET-13-0371）。

Research progress of safe organic electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries

YANG Huijun¹, FU Jing¹, CHEN Jiahang¹, GUO Cheng¹, GUO Rui², XIE Jingying², WANG Jiulin¹

1. Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
2. Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China

Received:2018-08-28 Revised:2018-09-10 Online:2018-11-01 Published:2018-09-13
Contact: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0157

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锂离子电池的长寿命和高安全性极大地促进了它的实用性。在下一代储能装置中，锂硫电池由于其高理论能量密度和单质硫的高自然丰度、环境友好等特点，受到了人们的广泛关注。然而，由于电解液中有机溶剂的可燃性、不断的锂枝晶形成和碳硫混合物的低着火温度，使锂硫电池的安全问题成为一个衡量其实用性的关键问题。近几年来，关于锂硫电池的安全问题已经出现了一些改进措施。本文首先介绍了高安全电池电解液的常见评测方法，其次综述了锂硫电池常见的两类硫复合材料以及相应的安全电解液适用情况。普通硫碳复合材料适用的锂硫电池安全性主要通过无闪点的氟代醚溶剂来提高，而硫化聚丙烯腈复合材料则主要适用于磷基阻燃添加剂的电解液。最后，本文还展望了安全锂硫电池未来的发展方向。

关键词: 锂硫电池, 安全, 硫复合材料, 阻燃电解液

Abstract: The long lifespan and high safety of lithium-ion battery (LIBs) greatly promote its applicability. Among various next generation energy storage devices, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density, high natural abundance and environment friendly nature of sulfur. However, due to the flammability of organic solvents in liquid electrolytes, the continuous formation of lithium dendrites and the low ignition temperature of carbon-sulfur mixtures, safety of Li-S batteries has become a critical issue for their practical application. In recent years, some strategies have been put forward to improve the safety of Li-S batteries. In this paper, we firstly introduced the evaluation methods of high-safety batteries. Then two kinds of sulfur composite cathodes for Li-S batteries and their suitable safe electrolytes are summarized. The safety of lithium-sulfur batteries for common sulfur-carbon composites are mainly improved by non-flashing hydrofluoroether solvents. While for sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (S@pPAN) composite, safety is mainly enhanced by phosphorus-based flame retardant additives in the standard electrolytes. Finally, the future development direction for safe Li-S batteries is prospected.

Key words: lithium sulfur batteries, safety, sulfur composite material, nonflammable electrolyte

中图分类号:

TM911

杨慧军, 傅璟, 陈加航, 郭城, 郭瑞, 解晶莹, 王久林. 高安全锂硫电池电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6): 1060-1068.

YANG Huijun, FU Jing, CHEN Jiahang, GUO Cheng, GUO Rui, XIE Jingying, WANG Jiulin. Research progress of safe organic electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(6): 1060-1068.

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高安全锂硫电池电解液研究进展

Research progress of safe organic electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries

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