Introduction and engineering case analysis of 250 kW/1.5 MW·h iron-chromium redox flow batteries energy storage demonstrationpower station

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0046

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper provides a brief background of industrial energy-storage development. The transformation and adjustment of China's energy structure has opened new opportunities for energy storage technology. For instance, it promises to improve the quality of renewable power generation, reduce the power limitation rate of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations, and enhance multiple aspects of power systems. Energy storage plays an important role in todays emerging third industrial revolution, which will continue into the future energy internet. A central enterprise dedicated to renewable energy development, called the State Power Investment Corporation Research Institute (SPICRI), has developed iron-chromium redox flow batteries for electrical energy storage. These batteries have several advantages such as high roundtrip efficiency, long service life, wide temperature-range operability, modular power design, customized capacity design, high safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Therefore, they are suitable for various renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, smart grids, and microgrids. Moreover, the manufacturing technology is expected to upscale to large-scale energy storage. As an engineering case study, this paper introduces the 250 kW/1.5 MW·h ironchromium redox flow batteries developed for an energy-storage demonstration power station, which is under construction by SPICRI. The SPICRI station is Chinas first power station with a hundred-kilowatt-level storage capacity. The rated output power and capacity of the energy storage demonstration power station are 250 kW and 1.5 MW·h, respectively. When operated commercially on large scales, the iron-chromium redox flow battery technology promises new innovations in energy storage technology.

Key words: energy storage, edox flow batteries, iron-chromium redox flow batteries, energy storage system, demonstration power station

CLC Number:

TM 911

YANG Lin, WANG Han, LI Xiaomeng, ZHAO Zhao, ZUO Yuanjie, LIU Yujia, LIU Yun. Introduction and engineering case analysis of 250 kW/1.5 MW·h iron-chromium redox flow batteries energy storage demonstrationpower station[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 751-756.

Figures/Tables 5

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指标	铁-铬液流电池	全钒液流电池	钠-硫电池	锂离子电池	铅酸电池
循环寿命/次	> 10000	>10000	约2500	4000	1000
能量密度	10~20 W·h/L	15～30 W·h/L	150～240 W·h/kg	300～400 W·h/L，130~200 W·h/kg	30～50 W·h/kg
安全性	好	好	不好	不好	中
毒性、腐蚀性	好	中	中	中	不好
运行温度/℃	-20～70	5～50	300～350	常温～45	常温～30
AC/AC系统效率/%	70～75	60～65	65～80	90	60～80
自放电	极低	极低	低	中	高
度电成本/元·(kW·h)^-1	0.4^①	0.7～1.0	0.7～1.0	0.7～1.0	0.5～1.0
废旧电池处理	电解质溶液可再生	电解质溶液可再生	中	难	难

指标	铁-铬液流电池	全钒液流电池	锂离子电池
关键原材料	铬铁矿	五氧化二钒	碳酸锂
关键元素全球探明储量^①	铬储量5.1亿吨	钒储量2000万吨	锂储量1600万吨
关键原材料^②/元·kg^-1	16.7	253.9	78.5
当量价格 /元·mol^-1	1.4	23.1	2.9

设计参数	数值
额定输出功率/kW	250
系统容量/MW·h	1.5
单电堆功率/kW	>30
DC/DC系统转换效率/%	≥75
充放电切换时间/ms	~ 200
运行免维护时间	≥半年

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