Low-temperature compound-heating strategy and optimization of lithium-ion battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0205

Abstract

Abstract:

Recently, electric vehicles have developed due to their energy-saving, environmental protection, and high energy-conversion efficiency. At low temperatures, the performance of lithium-ion batteries, such as discharge power and capacity, is attenuated. This has affected the development and popularization of electric vehicles in the cold areas of north China. Therefore, it is important to understand how lithium-ion batteries reliably, efficiently, and safely heat at low temperatures. The electrical and thermal characteristics of the battery are obtained using the ternary lithium prismatic battery as the research objectives by testing the low-temperature characteristics of the battery under different working conditions. The cell electrothermal-coupling model is established, and a low-temperature heating-simulation model of the battery is obtained by fitting experimental data with the neural network method. The accuracy of the simulation model is verified using the temperature-rise experiments for the battery under different working conditions. A multistage constant-current composite-heating method is proposed, and a multiobjective nonlinear optimization model of battery aging, heating time, and capacity gain is established. The relationship between battery aging, heating time, and capacity gain is revealed, and the evaluation weighting matrix is obtained. The balanced heating strategy of the cell is obtained using the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-?Ⅱ(NSGA-?Ⅱ) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and the effect of different initial states of the battery on the optimization objective is explored. According to the different initial states of the battery, the heating-current database of the cell is established based on the balanced heating strategy. When the initial temperature of the battery is -20 ℃, the heating time to 10 ℃ is 253 s, the capacity gain is 4.72 Ah, the battery aging is 0.482?, and the peak power gain is 1104 W.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, low-temperature electrothermal coupling model, composite heating method, heating strategy

CLC Number:

TM 912

Kuining LI, Jinghong WANG, Yi XIE, Bin LIU, Jiangyan LIU, Zhaoting LIU. Low-temperature compound-heating strategy and optimization of lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3191-3199.

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参数	值
动力电池类型	方形
材料体系	三元(镍钴锰)
额定容量/Ah	50
充电终止电压/V	4.25
放电截止电压/V	2.75

实验种类	T/℃	SOC	放电倍率/C
容量	10,0,-5,-10,-15,-20	1	1,0.7,0.5,0.3
HPPC	10,0,-5,-10,-15,-20	1,0.95,0.9,0.7,0.5,0.3,0.1,0	1,0.7,0.5,0.3
换热系数	-20	—	—

温度/℃	放电倍率/C	RMSE/℃
0	0.5	0.46
0	1.0	0.83
-10	0.5	0.61
-10	1.0	0.45
-20	0.5	0.56
-20	1.0	0.51

初始SOC	T₀/℃	t/s	Q_gain/Ah	Q_loss/‱	初始SOC	T₀/℃	t/s	Q_gain/Ah	Q_loss/‱
1.0	0	53	1.44	0.322	0.4	0	52	0.37	0.324
1.0	-5	128	2.06	0.351	0.4	-5	112	0.49	0.360
1.0	-10	161	2.88	0.402	0.4	-10	155	0.70	0.407
1.0	-15	248	3.86	0.448	0.4	-15	212	0.92	0.444
1.0	-20	253	4.72	0.482	0.4	-20	267	1.17	0.479
0.7	0	52	0.91	0.324	0.1	0	52	-0.16	0.320
0.7	-5	115	1.28	0.359	0.1	-5	109	-0.29	0.356
0.7	-10	167	1.78	0.403	0.1	-10	149	-0.37	0.403
0.7	-15	233	2.34	0.444	0.1	-15	198	-0.45	0.440
0.7	-20	273	2.89	0.477	0.1	-20	243	-0.52	0.475

初始SOC	T₀/℃
初始SOC	0	-5	-10	-15	-20
1	469	596	943	1005	1104
0.7	292	324	616	670	749
0.4	270	351	508	571	632
0.1	146	163	307	326	366