Comparative study on the effectiveness of different types of gas detection on the overcharge safety early warning of a lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage compartment

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0240

Abstract

Abstract:

The effectiveness of early warning from different detectors in an energy storage cabin is essential for the safe operation of an energy storage system. First, the thermal runaway process and gas production mechanism of lithium iron phosphate batteries are introduced. A typical energy storage cabin environment was constructed, taking 13 Ah and 50 Ah prismatic lithium iron phosphate batteries as research objects. A 1 C current was used to overcharge the battery cells to thermal runaway. At the same time, H₂, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), combustible detectors, smoke, and temperature sensors were used to provide a safety early warning, and the effectiveness of different detectors for the early warning of battery thermal runaway was analyzed. The test results showed that when overcharging batteries with different capacities to thermal runaway, the alarms of all detectors were generally H₂, CO, VOCs, smoke detectors, and combustible gas detectors, but the temperature detectors did not provide an alarm. A higher battery capacity was associated with larger amounts of gas and white smoke produced after overcharging and an earlier alarm time from the characteristic gas detectors, such as H₂, CO, and VOCs, which is more conducive to the thermal runaway warning of large-capacity batteries. Among them, the H₂ detector had an early alarm time and obvious change characteristics, which is more suitable for early warning of battery thermal runaway. The alarm time of the smoke detector was too late, and it did not provide an effective warning. These results can provide effective experimental data to highlight the need for an early warning of thermal runaway in lithium iron phosphate energy storage cabins.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, thermal runaway, energy storage cabin, gas warning, effectiveness

CLC Number:

TM 911.3

Shuang SHI, Nawei LYU, Jingxuan MA, Kangyong YIN, Lei SUN, Ning ZHANG, Yang JIN. Comparative study on the effectiveness of different types of gas detection on the overcharge safety early warning of a lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage compartment[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2452-2462.

Figures/Tables 11

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