Performance of an NCM811 battery based on a lithium-ion embedding model

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0368

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper explored the NCM811 battery as the main research target, focusing on its battery performance under normal working conditions. Specifically, its discharge performance at different ambient temperatures and discharge rates, including battery capacity changes during the first and 2000th cycles, and the voltage curve of the battery were obtained. Then, we compared the results with those of the NCM523 and the NCA batteries. At the same time, due to the thermal safety problem of the NCM811 battery, its voltage and temperature rise under thermal runaway conditions were explored, after which its temperature transmission law was summarized and compared with the experimental results. From the above investigations, we discovered that the NCM811 battery had excellent rate charge and discharge performances under normal working battery conditions, with the battery capacity being well preserved during high-rate charge and discharge. We also discovered that in terms of aging, although the NCM523 battery and the NCA battery showed battery-capacity decay, while the NCM811 battery showed obvious capacity decay similar to the NCM523 battery, the capacity of the NCA battery hardly changed. In terms of high-and low-temperature discharge, however, we observed that the heat production of the battery at a low temperature was higher than that at a high temperature. Under the ambient temperature of 100%, although the temperature rise of the NCM811 battery was the most obvious, with great thermal safety hazards being observed, the temperature rise of the NCM523 battery and NCA battery was relatively gentle when the battery thermal runaway occurred, with the battery voltage suddenly dropping to 0 V and the temperature rising to 1200 K in a short time. Besides, only in the part where thermal runaway occurred did the temperature change significantly with time, with the temperature in the rest appearing constant. Therefore, compared with the experimental process, the thermal runaway trigger time of the simulation process was later, the temperature rise was faster, and the maximum battery temperature was lower.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, voltage curve, temperature rise curve, thermal runaway

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Yang WANG, Yuxin ZHANG, Xu LU, Long LIU. Performance of an NCM811 battery based on a lithium-ion embedding model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3748-3758.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Model built-in formulas"

反应过程	内置公式
固相电荷守恒	$∇ · i s = Q s = 0 i s = - σ s ∇ ϕ s$
液相电荷守恒	$∇ · i l = Q l i l = - σ l ∇ ϕ l + 2 σ l R g T F (1 + ∂ l n f ∂ l n c l) (1 - t +) ∇ l n c l$
固相离子守恒	$∂ c s ∂ t = ∇ · (D s ∇ c s)$
液相离子守恒	$∂ c l ∂ t + ∇ · J l = R l J l = - D l ∇ c l + i l t + F$
电化学动力学	$i l o c, e x p = i 0 e x p (α a F η R g T) - e x p (- α c F η R g T) i 0 = i 0, r e f (c s c s, r e f) α c (c s, m a x - c s c s, m a x - c s, r e f) α a (c l c l, r e f) α a$
传热	$ρ C p ∂ T ∂ t + ρ C p u • ∇ T + ∇ • q = H q = - k ∇ T$

Table 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 5

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

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参数	数值
液相体积分数	0.4/0.5/0.4
液相电导率/(S/m)	式1
扩散系数/(m²/s)	式2
电荷传递系数	0.5/0.5

参数	NCM811	NCM523	NCA
负极材料	石墨	石墨	Li₄Ti₅O₁₂
隔膜材料	PP/PE	PP/PE	PP/PE
正极材料	Li(Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1)O₂	Li(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)O₂	Li(Ni_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05)O₂
粒子半径/μm	2	8	2
正极最大锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	50 060	31 389	48 000
负极最大锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	31 507	31 507	22 852
正极初始锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	13 111	10 026	13 000
负极初始锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	24 048	25 616	17 120
固体活性材料体积分数(负极/电解液/正极)	0.6/—/0.6	0.6/—/0.6	0.6/—/0.6
固相电导率/(S/m)	0.17	3.8	91
固相扩散系数/(m²/s)	见式3	见式4	见式5

参数	数值
x/mm	148
y/mm	79
z/mm	103
ρ/(kg/m³)	2345
c_p /[J/(kg·K)]	979.6
k_x /[W/(m·K)]	17.46
k_y /[W/(m·K)]	1.21
k_z /[W/(m·K)]	17.46

时间	155 s	157 s	159 s	161 s
电池温度
时间	163 s	165 s	167 s	169 s
电池温度

时间	155 s	157 s	159 s	161 s
电池温升速率
时间	163 s	165 s	167 s	169 s
电池温升速率