Numerical calculation of temperature field of energy storage battery module and optimization design of heat dissipation system

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0171

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal runaway in energy storage batteries poses a significant risk in energy storage power stations, making thermal management crucial for the efficiency, lifespan, and operational safety of batteries. This study presents the design of an energy storage battery module with a rated capacity of 11.52 kWh, utilizing a 60-series large cylindrical battery as the fundamental unit. A numerical model, based on the finite element method, was developed to couple fluid and temperature fields within the battery module. This model facilitates the analysis of air flow rates in the battery module's air ducts and the temperature field distribution. To validate the accuracy of the numerical calculations, a prototype was subjected to a charging/discharging temperature-rise test. The study further optimizes the temperature field distribution of the battery module by adjusting the arrangement of heat dissipation holes. A novel side U-shaped opening structure is introduced, significantly enhancing the temperature uniformity within the battery module and reducing the maximum temperature of the cells. Postoptimization, the maximum temperature difference in the module cells decreased by 2.6 ℃, and the standard deviation of temperature dropped by 1.18. These findings offer valuable insights for estimating temperature rise in energy storage battery modules and designing efficient heat dissipation mechanisms.

Key words: lithium battery, temperature field calculation, finite element method, heat dissipation system optimization

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Wei XIAO, Xiaowen WU, Jingling SUN, Wei CHEN. Numerical calculation of temperature field of energy storage battery module and optimization design of heat dissipation system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(4): 1159-1166.

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充放电倍率	能量/Wh	工步时间/h	能量损耗/Wh	平均功率/W
0.5 C恒压充电	175.5890	2.17	7.628	1.786
0.5 C恒流放电	167.9608	2.1	7.628	1.786

1 C恒压充电	179.3864	1.11	12.976	6.007
1 C恒流放电	166.4105	1.05	12.976	6.007

2 C恒压充电	181.4848	0.59	17.102	15.270
2 C恒流放电	164.3827	0.53	17.102	15.270

3 C恒压充电	183.0118	0.44	22.365	28.310
3 C恒流放电	160.6468	0.35	22.365	28.310

测点	实测值/℃	仿真值/℃
1	31.5	31.6
2	30.5	31
3	27	27.7
4	26	26.4
5	26	26.6
6	25	26
7	24	23.8
8	20	19.38

最大温差对比			一致性对比（标准差）
优化前	优化后		优化前	优化后
4.6 ℃	2.1 ℃		1.72	0.54

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