The flywheel array participates in a two-layer control strategy for primary frequency modulation of the power grid

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0973

Abstract

Abstract:

The large-scale integration of new energy sources into the power grid has led to increased frequency fluctuations, posing challenges to system stability. The participation of a flywheel energy storage array in primary frequency regulation can effectively enhance frequency stability and improve grid security. To address power distribution within the flywheel energy storage system and among individual units in the array, a two-layer control strategy is proposed. This strategy considers flywheel array losses, reduces system frequency deviation, and mitigates output fluctuations in thermal power units. The upper-layer control incorporates a dynamic droop-inertia coordinated strategy. A mathematical model is developed to quantify flywheel array losses, and an inequality constraint on flywheel output is established using the Logistic function. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to determine the optimal power distribution among flywheel units, ensuring system requirements are met while minimizing overall power losses. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy enhances system frequency stability, reduces wear on thermal power units, and lowers the power losses of the flywheel array.

Key words: flywheel array, primary frequency modulation, two-layer control strategy, array loss

CLC Number:

TM 921

Xiaoyue LIU, Yan CHEN, Xiaofei SUN. The flywheel array participates in a two-layer control strategy for primary frequency modulation of the power grid[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1536-1547.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 4

Evaluation index under step load circumvalence"

控制策略	$Δ f m a x$	V_m
无储能	2.272×10^-3	2.524×10^-3
定K法	1.575×10^-3	1.280×10^-3
变K法	1.765×10^-3	1.604×10^-3
本策略	1.478×10^-3	0.985×10^-3

Table 4

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Table 5

Evaluation index under continuous load winding"

控制策略	$△ f m a x$	Rms(f)
无储能	4.067×10^-3	—
定K法	3.833×10^-3	0.5363×10^-3
变K法	3.396×10^-3	0.667×10^-3
本策略	3.059×10^-3	0.598×10^-3

Table 5

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

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主要参数	数值
T_g/s	0.08
T_CH/s	0.3
T_RH/s	10
F_HP	0.3
H	2
D	1

主要参数	数值
定子电阻R_S/Ω	0.001506
永磁磁链Ψ_f/Wb	0.191
摩擦系数F/(N·m·s)	0.00218
d轴定子电感L_d /H	0.000092
q轴定子电感L_q /H	0.000123
极对数p	1
C_m/(W·s²/kg)	0.01
C_mag/(W·s/kg)	0.05
C_mag2/(W·s²/kg)	0.002
C_elec1/(W/kW)	0.1
C_elec2/(W/kW²)	0.005

参数	数值	参数	数值
K_m	3	SOC_max	0.9
M₀	2	SOC₁	0.83
α	4	SOC₂	0.75
P₀	0.01	SOC₃	0.50
m	32	SOC₄	0.16
f_d	0.0006	SOC_min	0.1

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