Research on the application of MW-level flywheel array for primary frequency regulation in wind farms

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0397

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper addresses the urgent need for primary frequency regulation technology in new energy power stations. It explores the innovative use of megawatt (MW)-scale flywheel arrays, designs an integration scheme for these flywheel energy storage systems, and proposes a control strategy for their application in primary frequency regulation within renewable energy power stations. A 5 MW/175 kWh flywheel array system has been independently connected to the low-voltage side (35 kV) of the main transformer in a renewable energy power station. To thoroughly validate the feasibility and performance advantages of this setup, a series of experimental tests have been conducted. These tests cover various aspects, including rapid switching between charging and discharging for a single unit, response to frequency step disturbances, anti-disturbance performance, and primary frequency regulation dead-zone testing. Furthermore, an analysis of long-term real-time monitoring data from the site reveals that the implementation of MW-scale flywheel arrays significantly improves the primary frequency regulation capability of renewable energy power stations, leading to a faster system response.

Key words: new energy station, primary frequency regulation, flywheel energy storage, flywheel array system

CLC Number:

TM 614

Zhiguo ZHANG, Gang WANG, Jing YANG, Shuping WANG, Dong LIU, Wufeng RAO. Research on the application of MW-level flywheel array for primary frequency regulation in wind farms[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3569-3578.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 1

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

References 10

1	国家能源局. 电力系统网源协调技术规范: DL/T 1870—2018[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2018.
	National Energy Bureau of the People's Republic of China. Technical specification for power grid and source coordination: DL/T 1870—2018[S]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2018.
2	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 电力系统安全稳定导则: GB 38755—2019[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.
	State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Code on security and stability for power system: GB 38755—2019[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2019.
3	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 并网电源一次调频技术规定及试验导则: GB/T 40595—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
	State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Guide for technology and test on primary frequency control of grid-connected power resource: GB/T 40595—2021[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021.
4	万天虎, 李华, 唐浩, 等. 基于全场控制的风电场一次调频控制方式及其工程化应用[J]. 智慧电力, 2019, 47(1): 41-46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2019.01.008.
	WAN T H, LI H, TANG H, et al. Primary frequency regulation control method for wind farm and its engineering application based on full-field control[J]. Smart Power, 2019, 47(1): 41-46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2019.01.008.
5	罗耀东, 田立军, 王垚, 等. 飞轮储能参与电网一次调频协调控制策略与容量优化配置[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(9): 71-82. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20210512010.
	LUO Y D, TIAN L J, WANG Y, et al. Coordinated control strategy and optimal capacity configuration for flywheel energy storage participating in primary frequency regulation of power grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(9): 71-82. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20210512010.
6	郭伟, 张建成, 李翀, 等. 针对并网型风储微网的飞轮储能阵列系统控制方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(5): 810-814. DOI: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0013.
	GUO W, ZHANG J C, LI C, et al. Control method of flywheel energy storage array for grid-connected wind-storage microgrid[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(5): 810-814. DOI: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0013.
7	王磊, 杜晓强, 宋永端. 用于风电场的飞轮储能矩阵系统协调控制[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37(12): 3406-3412. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2013.12.024.
	WANG L, DU X Q, SONG Y D. Coordinated control of flywheel energy storage matrix system for wind farm[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(12): 3406-3412. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2013.12.024.
8	曹倩, 宋永端, 王磊, 等. 基于比率一致性算法的飞轮储能矩阵系统分布式双层控制[J]. 电网技术, 2014, 38(11): 3024-3029. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2014.11.013.
	CAO Q, SONG Y D, WANG L, et al. Hierarchical distributed control for flywheel energy storage matrix system based on ratio consensus algorithm[J]. Power System Technology, 2014, 38(11): 3024-3029. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2014.11.013.
9	陈玉龙, 武鑫, 滕伟, 等. 用于风电功率平抑的飞轮储能阵列功率协调控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 600-608. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0421.
	CHEN Y L, WU X, TENG W, et al. Power coordinated control strategy of flywheel energy storage array for wind power smoothing[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 600-608. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0421.
10	张继红, 崔天祥, 熊伟, 等. 飞轮储能参与风场调频控制研究[J]. 浙江电力, 2022, 41(8): 49-56. DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202208007.
	ZHANG J H, CUI T X, XIONG W, et al. Research on participation of flywheel energy storage in wind farm frequency regulation control[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2022, 41(8): 49-56. DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202208007.

序号	系统规格	技术参数
1	额定功率	1000 kW
2	额定电量	35 kWh
3	输出电压	692 VAC
4	额定电压	1200 VDC
5	电压范围	1000～1500 VDC
6	恒功率充/放电时间	126 s
7	循环次数	＞1000万次
8	飞轮单元尺寸(Φ *H)	1200 mm*2160 mm
9	飞轮储能单元重量	9000 kg
10	通信接口	Ethernet、485、CAN
11	控制柜尺寸	2200 mm900 mm2200 mm
12	控制柜重量	1500 kg

[1]	Yuguang LI, Xiang LIU, Yanzhao LIANG, Shuangzhen LIU. Research on the application of flywheel energy storage device in rail transit [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2679-2686.
[2]	Qianqian ZHOU, Yong HUANG, Ke CUI, Danan SUN. Research and test verification on simulation technology of motor temperature field of flywheel energy storage device [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2589-2596.
[3]	Du JIN, Guangchen LIU, Bowen SUN, Tianyuan HUANG, Jianwei ZHANG, Guizhen TIAN, Lili JING. Primary frequency modulation control strategy for flywheel energy storage counting and wind farms [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1911-1920.
[4]	Haifeng MA, Wenbo LI, Zonghui CAI, Lin LIU, Tong YU. Research on computer processing technology of flywheel energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1983-1985.
[5]	Hong LI, Jiangyi LV, Jiantong SONG, Dong YAN. Analysis of energy characteristics of electromechanical composite energy storage system for vehicles [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 906-913.
[6]	Ran SUN, Jianbo WANG, Yanzhao MA, Xiaoke ZHANG, Huaizhong HU. Adaptive control strategy for primary frequency regulation for new energy storage stations based on reinforcement learning [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 858-869.
[7]	Fan XU, Xingjian DAI, Youlong WANG, Dongxu HU, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Research progress on permanent magnet machines for flywheel energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3423-3441.
[8]	Xinglong ZUO, Yibing LIU, Run QIN, Wenhao QU, Wei TENG. Dynamic characteristics of flywheel energy storage virtual synchronous machine and analysis of power system frequency improvement [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(6): 1920-1927.
[9]	Bin LI, Jilei YE, Yu ZHANG, Shanshan SHI, Haojing WANG, Lili LIU, Mingzhe LI. Microgrid-coordinated control strategy with distributed new energy and electro-mechanical hybrid energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1510-1515.
[10]	Haishan LIU, Xianlong XU, Shuzhou WEI, Yalei PANG, Feng HONG. Flywheel energy storage participates in frequency modulation power division control based on improving power grid assessment index of north China power grid [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(4): 1176-1184.
[11]	Xin WU, Wenju SHANG, Zhiyong MA, Wei TENG, Shuang ZHANG, Hairong LUO. Coordinated control method for pumped and flywheel hybrid energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(2): 468-476.
[12]	Yuanyuan JIAO, Yifei WANG, Xingjian DAI, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Overview of the motor-generator rotor cooling system in a flywheel energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3131-3144.
[13]	Yu CAO, Tong JIANG, Chi LIU, Yong YANG, Wenfei LIU, Wenying LIU. Electrochemical energy storage participation in primary frequency regulation control strategy considering frequency characteristics and energy storage battery state [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3120-3130.
[14]	Juntao CHEN, Yajun WANG, Shunyi SONG, Wenhao QU, Yibing LIU. Simulation of the primary frequency modulation process of wind power with an auxiliary flywheel energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 172-179.
[15]	Xiaojie YANG, Haiyun WANG, Zhongchuan JIANG, Zhanghua SONG. Bidirectional power flow strategy design of BLDC motor for flywheel energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2233-2240.