Primary frequency modulation control strategy for flywheel energy storage counting and wind farms

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0039

Abstract

Abstract:

With the increasing integration of new energy sources, the issue of frequency stability in power systems is becoming more severe. This study proposes an improved control strategy for primary frequency regulation of a flywheel energy storage–assisted wind farm. Herein, the frequency characteristics and capacity configuration of a wind-storage system are analyzed. The wind farm adopts virtual inertia control to participate in primary frequency regulation. However, due to random variations in the natural wind speed, the output power of the wind farm may cause flywheels to operate at high or low speeds for prolonged durations. In cases of abrupt changes in the wind speed, the flywheel may even exceed its speed limit. To prevent the overspeeding of the flywheel, virtual droop control is employed along with fuzzy rules to compensate for the power deficit of the wind farm in the primary frequency regulation. Simulation analysis and experimental validation under step and continuous load disturbances show that the improved control strategy exhibits smaller maximum frequency deviation and faster response speed in both disturbance scenarios.

Key words: wind farm, primary frequency regulation, flywheel energy storage, maximum frequency deviation, response speed

CLC Number:

TK 02

Du JIN, Guangchen LIU, Bowen SUN, Tianyuan HUANG, Jianwei ZHANG, Guizhen TIAN, Lili JING. Primary frequency modulation control strategy for flywheel energy storage counting and wind farms[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1911-1920.

Figures/Tables 27

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 1

Fuzzy rule table"

$Δ f$	$Δ P 1$
$Δ f$	$V$ =NB	$V$ =NM	$V$ =NS	$V$ =ZO	$V$ =PS	$V$ =PM	$V$ =PB
NB	NS	NS	NM	NM	NM	NB	NB
NM	NS	NS	NS	NM	NM	NB	NB
NS	ZO	ZO	ZO	ZO	NS	NS	NS
ZO	PS	PS	PS	ZO	NS	NS	NS
PS	PS	PS	PS	ZO	ZO	ZO	ZO
PM	PB	PB	PM	PM	PS	PS	PS
PB	PB	PB	PM	PM	PM	PS	PS

Table 1

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

Fig. 17

Fig. 18

Table 2

System frequency evaluation index under step load perturbation"

控制方法	$Δ f m a x$ $/ H z$	$Δ f s$ $/ H z$
虚拟下垂	1.16	-1.15
改进策略	1.155	-1.15

Table 2

Table 3

Output evaluation index under step load disturbance"

控制方法	$t d$ $/ s$	$t u p$ $/ s$	$t s$ $/ s$
虚拟下垂	0.064	0.576	0.64
改进策略	0.06	0.54	0.6

Table 3

Fig. 19

Fig. 20

Fig. 21

Fig. 22

Fig. 23

Fig. 24

References 9

1	康克佳. 国家能源局发布1—11月份全国电力工业统计数据[N]. 中国城市报, 2023-12-25(012).
2	叶林, 王凯丰, 赖业宁, 等. 低惯量下电力系统频率特性分析及电池储能调频控制策略综述[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(2): 446-464.
	YE L, WANG K F, LAI Y N, et al. Review of frequency characteristics analysis and battery energy storage frequency regulation control strategies in power system under low inertia level[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(2): 446-464.
3	万天虎, 李华, 唐浩, 等. 基于全场控制的风电场一次调频控制方式及其工程化应用[J]. 智慧电力, 2019, 47(1): 41-46.
	WAN T H, LI H, TANG H, et al. Primary frequency regulation control method for wind farm and its engineering application based on full-field control[J]. Smart Power, 2019, 47(1): 41-46.
4	梁恺, 彭晓涛, 秦世耀, 等. 基于协同控制优化风储系统频率响应的策略研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(8): 2628-2641.
	LIANG K, PENG X T, QIN S Y, et al. Study on synergetic control strategy for optimizing frequency response of wind farm augmented with energy storage system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(8): 2628-2641.
5	隋云任, 梁双印, 黄登超, 等. 飞轮储能辅助燃煤机组调频动态过程仿真研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(8): 2597-2606.
	SUI Y R, LIANG S Y, HUANG D C, et al. Simulation study on frequency modulation process of coal burning plants with auxiliary of flywheel energy storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(8): 2597-2606.
6	何林轩, 李文艳. 飞轮储能辅助火电机组一次调频过程仿真分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1679-1686.
	HE L X, LI W Y. Simulation of the primary frequency modulation process of thermal power units with the auxiliary of flywheel energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1679-1686.
7	罗耀东, 田立军, 王垚, 等. 飞轮储能参与电网一次调频协调控制策略与容量优化配置[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(9): 71-82.
	LUO Y D, TIAN L J, WANG Y, et al. Coordinated control strategy and optimal capacity configuration for flywheel energy storage participating in primary frequency regulation of power grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(9): 71-82.
8	陈俊涛, 王亚军, 宋顺一, 等. 飞轮储能辅助风电一次调频仿真分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 172-179.
	CHEN J T, WANG Y J, SONG S Y, et al. Simulation of the primary frequency modulation process of wind power with an auxiliary flywheel energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 172-179.
9	苗福丰, 唐西胜, 齐智平. 风储联合调频下的电力系统频率特性分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(7): 2209-2216.
	MIAO F F, TANG X S, QI Z P. Analysis of frequency characteristics of power system based on wind farm-energy storage combined frequency regulation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(7): 2209-2216.

[1]	Yahui NIE, Xuezhi ZHOU, Dingzhang GUO, Yujie XU, Haisheng CHEN. Study on key influencing factors of the rail gravity energy storage system and its coupling with wind farms [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1900-1910.
[2]	Haifeng MA, Wenbo LI, Zonghui CAI, Lin LIU, Tong YU. Research on computer processing technology of flywheel energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1983-1985.
[3]	Hong LI, Jiangyi LV, Jiantong SONG, Dong YAN. Analysis of energy characteristics of electromechanical composite energy storage system for vehicles [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 906-913.
[4]	Ran SUN, Jianbo WANG, Yanzhao MA, Xiaoke ZHANG, Huaizhong HU. Adaptive control strategy for primary frequency regulation for new energy storage stations based on reinforcement learning [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 858-869.
[5]	Xinglong ZUO, Yibing LIU, Run QIN, Wenhao QU, Wei TENG. Dynamic characteristics of flywheel energy storage virtual synchronous machine and analysis of power system frequency improvement [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(6): 1920-1927.
[6]	Bin LI, Jilei YE, Yu ZHANG, Shanshan SHI, Haojing WANG, Lili LIU, Mingzhe LI. Microgrid-coordinated control strategy with distributed new energy and electro-mechanical hybrid energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1510-1515.
[7]	Haishan LIU, Xianlong XU, Shuzhou WEI, Yalei PANG, Feng HONG. Flywheel energy storage participates in frequency modulation power division control based on improving power grid assessment index of north China power grid [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(4): 1176-1184.
[8]	Xin WU, Wenju SHANG, Zhiyong MA, Wei TENG, Shuang ZHANG, Hairong LUO. Coordinated control method for pumped and flywheel hybrid energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(2): 468-476.
[9]	Yuanyuan JIAO, Yifei WANG, Xingjian DAI, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Overview of the motor-generator rotor cooling system in a flywheel energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3131-3144.
[10]	Yu CAO, Tong JIANG, Chi LIU, Yong YANG, Wenfei LIU, Wenying LIU. Electrochemical energy storage participation in primary frequency regulation control strategy considering frequency characteristics and energy storage battery state [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3120-3130.
[11]	Juntao CHEN, Yajun WANG, Shunyi SONG, Wenhao QU, Yibing LIU. Simulation of the primary frequency modulation process of wind power with an auxiliary flywheel energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 172-179.
[12]	Xiaojie YANG, Haiyun WANG, Zhongchuan JIANG, Zhanghua SONG. Bidirectional power flow strategy design of BLDC motor for flywheel energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2233-2240.
[13]	Junze GAO, Yibing LIU, Chuandi ZHOU, Haiting HE, Xin WU. Magnetic circuit design and magnetic analytical model of permanent magnet suspension bearing for flywheel [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1437-1445.
[14]	Yulong CHEN, Xin WU, Wei TENG, Yibing LIU. Power coordinated control strategy of flywheel energy storage array for wind power smoothing [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 600-608.
[15]	Yong ZHOU, Xiangyu CHEN, Lin JIAN, Fuhui WANG, Degao TIAN, Chuanjun HAN. Design and experimental research on flywheel energy storage system of beam pumping unit [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 593-599.